space isn't just the final frontier it's a vast expanse of
weirdness from black holes to dark matter to white dwarfs and brightly coloured nebulas
that a human couldn't travel across in a thousand lifetimes the full breadth of
the infinite beyond is something we will literally never fully know or understand
but what we do know about already is amazing including some remarkably strange phenomena
10. star dragging space time thanks to star trek if nothing else any of us understand there's a
relationship between space and time so much so that we call it space time the faster you travel
in space the more time slows down it's all very cool and mind-bending stuff but for most of us
it's always going to be sci-fi or at the very least theoretical but that doesn't have to be
the case einstein's theory of general relativity predicts any spinning body will drag space-time
with it in a phenomenon known as time dragging consider it like a whirlpool idea instead of water
it's space and time swirling around it's very difficult to observe on a relatively small scale
of something like our planet because the effect is incredibly small researchers have observed
a white dwarf star the corpse of the once massive star which is now the size of earth but 300 000
times heavier and it's fast while a day goes by in 24 hours here on earth it takes about two minutes
on the white dwarf the white dwarf is paired with a pulsar this thing
is even smaller the size of a city but it's made up of neutrons packed so tightly together
that it's 400 000 times heavier than earth and it's the size of a city it emits radio waves which
let us track its orbit here on earth and that has allowed us to see that these pair of super dense
stars are actually dragging space time around with them number nine nuclear pasta nuclear pasta
sounds dangerously delicious but the name isn't very good descriptor of this strange
phenomenon so what exactly is nuclear pasta well honestly it's perhaps the strangest thing
that's ever existed researchers believe there is something formed inside the dense core
of neutron stars the neutron star happens when a massively dense star gets so large that it
collapses on itself the origin star would have had been many times bigger than our sun
the neutron star that forms afterwards is incredibly small relatively speaking less than
20 miles in diameter despite that small size the mass of it could be 25 times that of the sun that
birthed it black holes are the only smaller and more dense celestial bodies that we know about
inside that neutron star are a lot of neutrons hence the name they're packed insanely tight and
they exist at around 600 000 degrees celsius all of these tightly compacted neutrons protons and
electrons create layers in the star there may be a core of something called cork gluon plasma in the
middle but around the crust is where protons and neutrons form the unique structures called nuclear
pasta so named because that's the shape they take it's still theoretical at the moment but if this
substance exists on the outside of neutron stars the density of it makes it the strongest substance
ever known it's predicted that it would take 10 billion times the force needed to smash steel
to break through it number eight supermassive black holes sure we all know about black holes
but do we all know about supermassive black holes it's the difference between a garden snail and one
of these insane cat's eye snails that people sometimes have as pets there's just something
about a thing that's bigger than it should be that can freak us out a normal black hole lifter is
such a thing maybe anywhere from about 10 to 100 solar masses in size that means that it's 10 to
100 times as dense as our sun something 100 times the size of our sun would basically eat our entire
solar system so that's really really big right well that's a normal black hole in the center of
any given galaxy you will also find a very large black hole the milky way galaxy has a large black
hole in the middle of it that's about 4.5 million solar masses that's big but is it super massive
well not yet the largest black hole discovered so far has the unassuming name ton 618. its mass has
been calculated as 66 billion solar masses that makes it more than 15 000 times more
massive than the black hole in the center of our own galaxy to add a little perspective the solar
mass of all the stars in the milky way has been estimated to be as much as 64 billion solar masses
meaning it would stamp out not just our own solar system but the entire galaxy with room to spare
7. rogue planets most planets tend to stick to a pretty standard game plan in space they get
into orbit around a star and then they spin for the rest of eternity or at least until
something truly cataclysmic happens that's as far as we know anyway but it's not always 100 true
turns out there are a few planets out there that have a bit of a rebellious tree can choose
not to remain in a predictable orbit around a star they call them rogue planets
and they go wherever they want we're not sure what makes a rogue planet form at all they may
have been regular planets like earth and mars that were knocked out of their orbit somehow and
sent like a billiard ball through space or maybe they started life for something bigger that
collapsed but didn't have the density to form a star so it just made a little wandering planet
scientists recently discovered no less than 70 rogues wandering the milky way so they're rare but
not super rare by any means but they are unusual since we have no idea how they even started in the
first place there's even speculation they might hold life and there could be hundreds thousands
or even billions of that out there but it's really hard to spot 6. hogue's object with a
name like hogue's object there's no way this isn't a little weird it lives up to its potential when
you get into what exactly it was that arthur hogg discovered back in 1950 hogue was an astronomer
doing what astronomers do he was observing the universe he stumbled upon something deep in space
and it wasn't sure what he was seeing first it looked like it discovered a new galaxy which
in and of itself isn't all that unusual but this galaxy looked like it might be inside
of a second galaxy which was definitely unusual pictures of the object are quite breathtaking it
looks like a massive glowing core surrounded by a perfect ring of stars many thousands of points of
light just like our own milky way only formed into a circle the object is 600 million light
years away and a stunning hundred thousand light years across since its discovery we've
seen other ring galaxies out in the universe but this one is still perplexing most ring galaxies
form with a galactic collision of two other galaxies but there's no evidence of that here
5. fermi bubbles head right to the center of the milky way galaxy and you'll discover the furley
bubbles which were first observed in 2010. so what's a fermi bubble well it's a giant blob and
our galaxy has two of them they kind of straddle the middle of the galaxy one above and one below
like a giant figure of eight they extend out from the galactic plane about 25 000 light years
so they're also really big blobs the bubbles are made of energetic plasma and they emit
large amounts of energy in the form of gamma rays and x-rays their location and structure suggests
that they're somehow related to the black hole at the center of the galaxy but very little else is
known because they're so unusual and unique they seem to be energetic plasma structures connecting
the blobs top and bottom and there are also high energy neutrinos in them there are several
theories about what could have caused the bubbles ranging from a star falling into the black hole to
several stars to numerous simultaneous supernovas and a handful of other theories all of which are
just random speculation for now 4. alchemical planetary bodies in ancient alchemy the idea was
to use something called the philosopher's stone to transmute a substance of little worth like
lead into something of greater earth like gold they didn't realize it at the time but that idea
isn't actually scientifically unsound the universe was little more than hydrogen when it formed
the process of fusion allows for elemental transmutation molecules gain more nuclei and
hydrogen becomes helium this happens in our sun every day in a supernova type reaction stars can
create elements heavier than iron like gold and platinum the primal forces of the universe brought
all these elements into being and the result of that is over millions and billions of years entire
planets have been formed that are almost entirely made of single elements or basic compounds in 2021
scientists discovered an iron planet while the big news of 2012 was a world made of diamond gj1214b
is a world that's almost entirely water and not to be outdone researchers also discovered an asteroid
named psyche 16 that was made up of over 10 000 quadrillion dollars worth of gold and platinum
number three life this one is almost too obvious but at the same time not obvious enough
we take life for granted because we're surrounded by it and the majority of people surveyed about 65
think intelligent life must exist in the universe beyond our world but the fact is
we've seen no real vindication of it nothing scientific holds up and researchers have scanned
a lot of space looking for signs of life not just aliens coming to visit but radio signals and
any sign that someone else is out there we've discovered thousands of planets and stars but so
far nothing to indicate that we're not alone now that doesn't mean we aren't alone but it does mean
we're relatively strange we can't find anything like us and that makes us very unique and maybe
we just got lucky an interesting point to consider here is the reason many people believe we can't
be alone is that the universe is really big so how could we possibly be alone in all that space
on the other hand a point few people consider is that the universe works on a scale far greater
than we can imagine and that also refers to time the universe is in no rush to go anywhere what
if we haven't found life anywhere because we're the first and the most advanced because someone
would literally have to be first right so why not us number two the start of planet transformation
in space we know there are typically two main kinds of celestial bodies planets and stars
other things like quasars and black holes and white dwarfs are basically stars that have had
rough lives and experienced some serious changes but the two are different in how they form
and what they do stars are giant balls of gas undergoing serious chemical reactions that emit
light and heat planets are either solid masses or even if they're gas they are not undergoing those
chemical reactions and don't produce light and heat like a star would planets orbit stars and are
typically much smaller and less massive than their stars so their different things is what we're
saying but well maybe not always far from earth in a galaxy called gsn069 there is a star that has
had a running with a black hole that almost always spells the end of the star because what could
possibly escape a black hole well this star did the star is actually orbiting the black hole now
and it suffered a lot during its run-in so much so that the black hole turned it from a red giant
into a white dwarf thanks to all the material that was stripped away from it scientists believe based
on what has already happened that the star may actually one day evolve into a planet instead
of following the normal path of stellar decay thanks to black holes influence now one day is
a relative term here and the current guess is about a trillion years from now which is
just short of preposterous even on a stellar timeline 1. raspberry flavor news broke recently
that there's a tv being developed that you can taste because who wouldn't want to taste
their favorite show and you may think it's silly because some things are not meant to be tasted but
in a very technical sense everything does have a taste case in point the galaxy itself tastes like
raspberries if you ever looked at renderings of the milky way in its entirety you'll notice that
it's kind of cloudy in parts especially towards the middle that's not just masses of star material
but it's also clouds of various gases as well astronomers have determined there's a massive
cloud of earth or formate in the center of our galaxy that's the format is a large part of the
reason raspberries taste the way they do it also smells like rum meaning the center of our galaxy
is sort of a festive cocktail so i really hope you found this video interesting if you did please
do click that thumbs up button below don't forget to subscribe and as always thank you for watching