welcome to the video tutorial on the big
switch to Linux now that you have
installed Linux it is time to make the
big switch from your windows or the Mac
operating system Mac always uses a UNIX
call your switch from Mac OS to Linux
will be relatively smooth
it's the windows users who will need
some adjusting in this tutorial we will
introduce the Linux operating system and
compare it with Windows
starting with file system in Microsoft
Windows
files are stored in folders under
different data drives like CD e button
Linux files are ordered in a tree
structure starting with the root
directory this root directory can be
considered as the start of the file
system and it further branches out
various other sub directories the root
is denoted with the forward slash a
general tree file system on your Linux
system may look like this moving on to
the types of files in Linux and UNIX
everything is a file directories are
files files are files and the devices
like printer mouse keyboard etc are all
files the first type of files are
general files also called ordinary files
they can contain image video program or
simply text it can be a sky or a binary
format these are the most commonly used
files by Linux users next are the
directory files these files are a
warehouse for other file types we can
have a directory file with them a
directory you can take them as folders
found in Windows operating system here
the difference between Linux and Windows
becomes significant in Windows system
and program files are usually saved in
the drive sea but in Linux you would
find the system and program files and
different directories under the file
system same is the case with cd-rom
while we see it as a drive in Windows it
is a directory named as cd-rom and Linux
removable media files are also shown as
a drive in Windows whereas in Linux they
are a directory common programs and
Windows are stored in the Program Files
and Linux you would find them under the
bin directory
the last type is the device files in
Microsoft Windows devices like printers
cd-rom and hard drives are represented
as drive letters like the e G H and
Linux they are represented as files for
example if the first SATA Drive had
three primary partitions they will be
named as the file systems that you can
see on the screen it is important to
note here that all the device files
reside in the def directory all of these
file types including the devices have
permissions which allow a user to read
edit or execute them this is a powerful
Linux or UNIX feature access
restrictions can be applied for
different kinds of users by changing
permissions let us discuss
user accounts and Linux the first type
is a regular user a regular user account
is created for you when you install
Ubuntu on your system or your files and
folders are stored in home
guru 99 which is your home directory as
a regular user you do not have access to
directories of other users other than
regular user another user account called
runed is created at the time of
installation the root account can access
the structured files install software
and has administrator
it is also called the super user
whenever you want to perform any
administrative tasks on Linux you need
to log in as a root user the third type
is the service user Linux is widely used
as a server operating system services
such as Apache squared have their own
individual service accounts having
services accounts increases security of
your computer it is important to note
here that you will not see service
accounts in a bin to desktop version but
only in the open to server edition
regular accounts are also called
standard accounts in Windows desktop let
us move on to file name convention in
Windows you cannot have two files with
the same name in the same folder with
the second file with the same name is
created you would get an error while in
Linux you can have two files with the
same name in the same directory provided
they use different cases for every user
in Linux a directory is created under
the home directory
now consider a regular user through nine
nine he can store his personal files and
directories in the directory home below
nine nine but he cannot save files
outside his user directory and does not
have access to directories of other
users as well the concept is similar to
the user's folder found in Windows for
every user in Linux a directory is
created as home the user name when you
put the Linux operating system a user
directory home guru nine nine is the
default working directory
hence the directory home rule ninety
nine is also called the home directory
which is a misnomer the working
directory can be changed using some
commands which we will learn later let's
summarize UNIX or Linux uses a
hierarchical file system there are no
drives and Linux unlike windows files
like hard drives cd-rom printers are
also considered files UNIX or Linux
there are three types of user counts the
first one being regular second one root
and the third one is service account
root user is the super user and has all
the administrative privileges when X
file naming convention is case-sensitive
thus sample and sample are two different
files in Linux or UNIX operating system
for every user home user named directory
is created which is called his home
directory thank you for watching this
tutorial I hope to see you in the next
ones