welcome to moomoomath and science in this video I'd like to talk about
symbiotic relationships symbiotic relationships are close long-term
relationships between different individuals or species in this video I'd
like to talk about three types up first will be mutualism that is where both
individuals benefit from the relationship
next will be commensalism this is when one individual benefits and the other
individual is neither helped nor harmed and finally parasitism in which one
individual benefits and the other individual is harmed so let's get started with
symbiotic relationships with mutualism both individuals involved in the
relationship benefit from each other let's look at 10 examples to help us
understand mutualism the first example clownfish and sea anenome clown fish are
small brightly colored fish and they're often found in coral reefs they also are
found in the tentacle of cien enemies which have stinging cells that can kill
other fish the sea anenome provides protection for the clownfish from
predators and then the clownfish benefits a.cian enemies by eating algae
and cleaning them up next are termites and intestinal flagellates
the flagellates have the ability to digest parts of the wood that the
termite eats so the termite gets help with digestion and the intestinal
flagellates get a nice meal next many animals eat the fruit of trees and
plants and then they disperse these seeds the animal benefits from eating
and the plant gets benefits from seed dispersal humans and other animals
breathe out carbon dioxide which plants use for photosynthesis and in return
plants give off oxygen that humans and animals use for respiration another very
common one bees take in pollen from the flowers to make honey from it
the bee spreads the pollen to help the flower in produce other flowers and then the bees
get a nice tasty meal next you have the bull horn acacia and ants nest inside
the plants thorn in exchange for shelter and then the ants protect the acacia
from attack by other herbivores the spider crab and algae the spider crab
likes to hang out in shallow areas the algae like to live on the back of the
spider crab the algae camouflages the spider crab and the spider crab gives
the algae a place to hang out inland the red-billed oxpecker likes to eat ticks
on the back of the impalas coat it's a cleaning relationship and finally one of
my favorite is you have the relationship between the shrimp and the goby
they both live in a burrow the shrimp maintains
the and makes the borough and then the Gobi having better vision than the
pistol shrimp alerts the shrimp of danger they both benefit from each other
one makes the borough and the other provides lookout and protection
amensalism occurs when one individual benefits from the relationship and the
other individual for the most part is unaffected let's look at a couple
examples to help us get a better understanding of commensalism up first
our cattle egret End cows or bulls the cattle egrets like to follow the cows
along because the cows stir up insects from the grass the cattle egret eat the
insects and the cows for the most part are unaffected orchids are a type of
flowering plant that like to make their base or attach to the branches of trees
they benefit by getting sunlight and in the tree for the most part is unaffected
the Remora also called Suckerfish our small fish that like to attach to sharks
they don't really harm the Sharks and they get a free mode of transportation a
little bit of protection and then pick up some scraps of food the burdock seeds
of our shape in which they attached to passing animals or even your clothing if
you pup pacify they don't really hurt the animal that they attach to and they
get seed dispersal and finally barnacles and wells have a similar relationship
the barnacles can stick themselves to wells
the wells don't really notice that they're there and the barnacles get a
good free ride and also get some nutrition from the floating plankton
that passes the well so there we go a couple examples of commensalism in
parasitic relationships one individual benefits while the other individual is
harmed in fact in some parasitic relationships the host the person that
is being harmed actually dies from the relationship there are three types of
organisms I'd like to look at that have parasitic relationships
the first is protozoa the second are arthropods and the third is Hellmann's
protozoa are single-cell animals that are found in moist areas many of them
are parasites like the Plasmodium that causes malaria a worldwide disease they
live in moist areas they infect the water other animals and humans drink the
water and then they become infected an amoeba is a single-cell protozoa and
they are sometimes in the news because some of them can be brain eating and
result in death but most just give you an upset stomach but they are also
parasites the next type of parasite are helmets or worms there are several types
of these you have a round worm a fluke or even a tapeworm the reason why these
can be a problem is that many of these worms such as a round worm or a tapeworm
will live inside the intestine of an animal the animal uses the restroom this
feces goes into the water another animal drinks the water like us and then this
parasite starts living inside of their stomach
next you have arthropods that are parasites like this tick
that can cause Lyme disease or a flea that can cause all kinds of problems
with their hosts and then the mosquito who is responsible for many diseases
worldwide in each of these arthropods like the mosquito the arthropod benefits
maybe gets food from the host and the host suffers the mosquito is responsible
for the Zika virus and even West Nile virus along with many others in each of
these types of parasites the parasite benefits and the host is harmed
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