Photosystem II involves several key components, including:
light harvesting chlorophyll-binding proteins,
a pair of chlorophyll molecules known as
the P680 reaction center,
along with
The reaction center of Photosystem II
consists of multiple proteins
and pigment molecules.
At the heart of the reaction center is a special pair of chlorophyll molecules,
p680,
which donate an electron to the electron transport system.
In Photosystem II, the electron is then passed to a pheophytin molecule.
The electron is then passed to plastoquinone Qa
and then to plastoquinone Qb.
These plastoquinone molecules are embedded
in the D2 and D1 proteins.
Once Qb has accepted two electrons,
it then acts as a mobile carrier
to the next component of the photosynthetic electron transport system.
Electrons from water are then transferred to the P680 molecules
that have lost their electrons in the process.
Additional proteins are involved in splitting the electrons from water.
Still other proteins are necessary to build the complete photosystem reaction center.
Surrounding the reaction center
are light-harvesting chlorophyll-binding proteins.
These proteins provide a way to harness
the unique energy contained in light.
When one of the many photons of light flooding a leaf
hits a chlorophyll molecule surrounding the reaction center,
it creates resonance energy.
You can think of this as vibrational energy.
Here you can see the chlorophyll vibrating.
That resonance, or vibrational, energy
is then passed to a neighboring chlorophyll molecule.
It is then passed through several chlorophyll molecules
until it reaches the P680 reaction center.
It is that energy that results in the loss of an electron from the P680 molecule.
Now we can see how these processes work as a whole.
First a photon of light activates a chlorophyll molecule.
The resonance, or vibrational energy,
is transferred to the P680 molecules.
An electron is lost from P680.
It is then donated to Qa, then to Qb.
The P680 molecules are then reduced
by the addition of an electron generated by the splitting of water molecules
at the oxygen-evolving complex.
Since Qb needs two electrons to become mobile,
a second photon of light is required.
The resonance energy is again transferred to the reaction center.
An electron is lost from P680
and transferred via Qa to the Qb,
which already contains one electron.
The fully reduced Qb is then transferred to the cytochrome b6f complex.
The P680 molecules are again reduced by the oxygen-evolving complex.
Here you can see water being split at the oxygen-evolving complex.
Two water molecules must be split to provide electrons to reduce p680.
The oxygen we breathe is a product of this water-splitting process.