Hello my wonderful students do you find it difficult to read the news
in English because there are so many words you don't
understand well let's fix that
we're going to read a news article together and I'll explain everything you need to know
Welcome back to JForrest English.
Of course I'm Jennifer, Now
let's get started!
First I'll read the headline The Great Monarch Migration
so as you can see we're talking about butterflies
a specific species of butterfly called monarch monarch butterflies
migration is the process of animals travelling to a different place
and is usually when the seasons change and this is important because
people can migrate as well move to another country for a specific reason
but for animals it's when they travel to a different place
when the seasons change so for example
the scientist is studying butterfly migration studying or perhaps tracking butterfly migration
now don't worry about taking any notes because I summarize everything in a free lesson
PDF so you can look in the description for the
link now let's continue
and learn about these beautiful insects unlike most other insects in temperate climates
let's talk about unlike because simply by using this word at the beginning
I know without reading it that this next point is going to contrast
be different from this point so this point is about insects in temperate
temperate climate so this is going to have some sort of contrast
to most insects so unlike is a very powerful word
to have in your vocabulary let's look at this example
unlike other methods learning English with the news
like you're doing right now is interesting and engaging
so without saying this it's implying that these other methods
it's the opposite of these adjectives because it used unlike other methods
now do you agree do you find this an interesting and engaging
approach method for learning English
if you do then put in the comments you got that right
you got that right which is a casual
very natural way of saying I agree that's right
you're correct you got that right
put that in the comments unlike most other insects in temperate climates
let's review temperate a temporary climate
is one that is neither hot nor cold so it's not an extreme climate
it's somewhere in the middle so notice here
neither nor because I'm excluding both of them
I'm saying not hot not cold neither nor
neither hot nor cold so what about your climate
is your climate a temperate climate I live in Canada
and most of Canada is temperate Northern Canada
where nobody lives or very small percentage of the population
lives would not be temperate
because it is extremely cold but most parts of Canada would be considered
temperate monarch butterflies cannot survive a long
cold winter instead they spend the winter in roosting
spots a roosting spot is a resting spot
so it's where the butterflies go to rest they don't live there permanently
they only stay there when they're resting now a roost is generally used with birds
such as chickens and a roost is as a noun
a place for chickens is usually a branch of a tree where birds
rest or sleep so here roosting is an adjective
and spot is the noun and it simply means resting spot
monarchs west of the Rocky Mountains travel to small Groves of trees
along the California coast here the word Grove is a collection of trees
an area with a lot of trees a Grove of trees
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now let's continue with our lesson those east of the Rocky Mountains fly farther
south to the forest
high in the mountains of Mexico let's take a look at here east of
let's talk about sentence structure for directions
you could say I live in Canada
but then give the location
northern eastern southern or western
I live in southern Canada now notice my pronunciation
and listen to the difference I'll say it again
I live in southern Canada I live in the south
notice how that vowel change this only changes for southern and south
there isn't the equivalent vowel change in the other directions
so uh southern uh
southern Canada our our south south
I live in the south so if you're in the location
and someone asks you oh where do you live
oh I live in the south I live east
of the river so here you're just talking about a direction
like on a compass the river is here
and you're east of the river
so that is the compass direction those east of the Rocky Mountains
so here they're giving more of a compass direction those east of the Rocky Mountains
fly farther south out notice that pronunciation here south
okay let's talk about farther because a lot of students want to know
the difference between farther and further
the easiest way to remember it
is that farther is with directions
so when you're talking with directions or with physical
physical distance so which is generally with directions
so physical movement but further
is more hypothetical movement you can think of it more as additional
so for example does anyone have
any further questions I'm not asking
you to go physically more I'm asking you more in a
hypothetical way in a non literal way
additional so if you can replace further with additional
but farther would be more distance
more movement if you ever forget which one to use
I recommend using further because it's more common
and native speakers are more comfortable hearing it
but to help you remember
oh I put father haha it's not
father is farther haha so to help you remember it
just remember that the word has far
which is distance near far so that
should help you remember
that is physical distance and then further
is more additional farther south
because distance to the forest
high in the mountains of Mexico in all the world
no butterflies migrate like the monarchs
of North America they travel
much farther uh again because our
verb here is travel so I'm talking about
physical movement physical distance
so that's why I'm using farther but you might
say Jennifer can you give me some
further information about butterflies
or about how to use directions
for example so in that case
it's additional they travel
much farther than all other tropical
butterflies up to 3,000 miles
so when you have up to it's giving
the maximum limit so it could be less
but this is the maximum that they travel
you might see up to when they're telling
you the time requirement
you have up to 45 minutes to complete the exam
you can submit your exam after 15 minutes
but the maximum is 45 up to up to 3,000 miles
they are the only butterflies to make such
a long two way migration each year
so of course two way means they go
and they return go and return
that's two way and notice there's no s on ways
because this is an adjective and we don't
add an s to adjectives for example
she booked a two way ticket
so this is an adjective she booked a ticket
what type of ticket a two way ticket
so that's why there's no s now a two way ticket is frequently called
a round trip a round trip ticket
or a return ticket so you may see
any one of these three but normally you'll see ways with an s
when there's more than one there are two ways to submit the assignment
because in this case it isn't an adjective amazingly they fly in masses to the same winter
ruse what's a ruse
do you remember a roost is a resting spot
a resting location so to the same winter roost
resting spots now in masses
this means in large numbers in masses often to the exact same trees
the exact same trees now here that's why they said amazingly
because this is quite amazing that butterflies have the ability to do this
so when you want to deliver some information that sounds really amazing
you can add amazingly as an adverb their migration is more the type we expect
from birds or whales however unlike birds and whales
oh remember this one unlike birds and whales
so now I know that there's going to be a contrasting point between
how butterflies behave and how birds and whales
behave butterflies only make the round trip once
okay so birds and whales make the round trip twice
or they make a return trip I guess it is their children's grandchildren that
return south the following fall
I guess because the life expectancy of a butterfly isn't long enough to make the
return does anyone know what the life expectancy
of a butterfly is I have no idea
so I am going to Google it but if you know the answer
put it in the comments and we'll see if it's right
so any ideas the life expectancy
well it's two to six weeks not very long
which makes sense why they don't make the round trip
the return trip it's their children's grandchildren wow
so amazingly it's their children's grandchildren
so there are many things in this article we could add
amazingly to amazingly it is their children's grandchildren that
return south the following fall
let's continue I'm learning a lot about butterflies
hopefully you are as well and learning a lot about English at the same
time one unsolved mystery
is how monarchs find the overwintering sites each year
what's an overwintering site what word could we replace for site
overwintering roost because remember
that's the resting place the resting site
we could call it the overwintering roost somehow so by saying somehow
it's suggesting that they don't actually know how
now we could probably use our without even reading it
we could probably add our amazingly because I imagine what comes next is going
to be quite amazing amazingly
but somehow the choice that they had to actually expresses that they don't know the specific
reason somehow they know their way
even though the butterflies returning to Mexico or California each fall are the great
great grandchildren of the butterflies that left the previous
spring I certainly think we could replace
somehow with amazingly it does change the meaning though
because when you have somehow is suggest that we don't know how butterflies are able to
do this how is it possible that a butterfly
flew but then died and then another butterfly died
another one died another one died
and it's the third or fourth one that actually returned home
but that butterfly that returned home isn't the same butterfly that made the trip
so how do they know how to get back so we could definitely say amazingly for that
they know their way even though the butterfly is returning
okay perfect no one knows
no one knows exactly how their homing system works
so their homing system that would be their internal GPS basically
so you can think of it as their internal GPS or their internal compass
so here no one knows exactly how this is the reason why they use somehow
because again remember it expresses that nobody actually
knows and again we could probably use amazingly
for this as well it is another of the many unanswered questions
remember up here they use unsolved mystery
so for a mystery you can solve it
so the opposite would be unsolved in this case
unsolved mystery but for a question
you answer a question and in this case
is an unanswered question it's one it is another of the many
unanswered questions in the butterfly world so a very interesting article
we didn't learn the answer to some of this because we don't know the answers yet
they're unsolved mysteries so now what I'll do is
I'll read the article from start to finish and this time you can focus on my pronunciation
the Great Monarch Migration unlike most other insects in temperate climates
monarch butterflies cannot survive a long cold winter
instead they spend the winter in roosting spots
monarchs west of the Rocky Mountains travel to small Groves of trees
along the California coast those east of the Rocky Mountains fly farther
south to the forest
high in the mountains of Mexico in all the world
no butterflies migrate like the monarchs of North America
they travel much farther than all other tropical butterflies
up to 3,000 miles they are the only butterflies to make such
a long two way migration every year
amazingly they fly in masses to the same winter roost
often to the exact same trees their migration is more
the type we expect from birds or whales however unlike birds and whales
butterflies only make the round trip once it is their children's grandchildren
that returns south the following fall one unsolved mystery is
how monarchs find the overwintering sites each year
somehow they know their way even though the butterflies returning to Mexico
or California each fall are the great great grandchildren
of the butterflies that left the previous spring
no one knows exactly how their homing system works
it is another of the many unanswered questions in the butterfly world
so did you enjoy this lesson do you want me to make more lessons
where we review the news together if you do then put
let's fly let's fly put let's fly
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