I have three word problems here.
And what I want to do in this video
is not solve the word problems but just set up the equation
that we could solve to get the answer to the word problems.
And essentially, we're going to be setting up
proportions in either case.
So in this first problem, we have 9 markers cost $11.50.
And then they ask us, how much would 7 markers cost?
And let's just set x to be equal to our answer.
So x is equal to the cost of 7 markers.
So the way to solve a problem like this
is to set up two ratios and then set them equal to each other.
So you could say that the ratio of 9 markers to the cost of 9
markers, so the ratio of the number of markers, so 9,
to the cost of the 9 markers, to 11.50,
this should be equal to the ratio of our new number
of markers, 7, to whatever the cost of the 7 markers are,
to x.
Let me do x in green.
So this is a completely valid proportion here.
The ratio of 9 markers to the cost of 9 markers
is equal to 7 markers to the cost of 7 markers.
And then you could solve this to figure out
how much those 7 markers would cost.
And you could flip both sides of this,
and it would still be a completely valid ratio.
You could have 11.50 to 9.
The ratio between the cost of the markers to the number
of markers you're buying, 11.50 to 9,
is equal to the ratio of the cost of 7 markers to the number
of markers, which is obviously 7.
So all I would do is flip both sides of this equation
right here to get this one over here.
You could also think about the ratios in other ways.
You could say that the ratio of 9 markers to 7 markers
is going to be the same as the ratio of their costs,
is going to be equal to the ratio of the cost of 9 markers
to the cost of 7 markers.
And then, obviously, you could flip both of these sides.
Let me do that in the same magenta color.
The ratio of 7 markers to 9 markers
is the same thing as the ratio of the cost
of 7 markers to the cost of 9 markers.
So that is 11.50.
So all of these would be valid proportions, valid equations
that describe what's going on here.
And then you would just have to essentially solve for x.
So let's do this one right over here.
7 apples cost $5.
How many apples can I buy it with $8?
So one again, we're going to assume that what they're asking
is how many apples-- let's call that x.
x is what we want to solve for.
So 7 apples costs $5.
So we have the ratio between the number of apples, 7,
and the cost of the apples, 5, is
going to be equal to the ratio between another number
of apples, which is now x, and the cost of that other number
of apples.
And it's going to be $8.
And so notice here in this first situation, what was unknown
was the cost.
So we kind of had the number of apples
to cost, the number of apples to cost.
Now in this example, the unknown is the number of apples,
so number of apples to cost, number of apples to cost.
And we could do all of the different scenarios like this.
You could also say the ratio between 7 apples
and x apples is going to be the same
as the ratio between the cost of 7 apples
and the cost of 8 apples.
Obviously, you can flip both sides
of these in either of these equations
to get two more equations.
And any of these would be valid equations.
Now let's do this last one.
I'll use new colors here.
A cake recipe for 5 people requires 2 eggs.
So we want to know how many eggs-- so this we'll call x.
And you don't always have to call it x.
You could call it e for eggs.
Well, e isn't a good idea, because e represents
another number once you get to higher mathematics.
But you could call them y or z or any variable-- a,
b, or c, anything.
How many eggs do we need for a 15-person cake?
So you could say the ratio of people to eggs is constant.
So if we have 5 people for 2 eggs, then for 15 people,
we are going to need x eggs.
This ratio is going to be constant.
5/2 is equal to 15/x.
Or you could flip both sides of this.
Or you could say the ratio between 5 and 15
is going to be equal to the ratio between the number
of eggs for 5 people-- let me do that in that blue color--
and the number of eggs for 15 people.
And obviously, you could flip both sides of this equation.
So all of these, we've essentially
set up the proportions that describe
each of these problems.
And then you can go later and solve
for x to actually get the answer.