for HR+/HER2- MBC. >>> THIS SUMMER HAS BEEN WHERE
TEMPERATURES SOARED ABOVE 100
DEGREES.
DEGREES. THIS PAST JULY WAS THE HOTTEST
ON RECORD.
ON RECORD. IT MATCHES THE PACE OF THE PAST
FIVE JULYS BEING THE HOTTEST
SINCE RECORD BEGAN IN 1880.
IT IS A NEW WARNING FOR
POLICYMAKERS TRYING TO KEEP
GLOBAL TEMPERATURES FROM RISING
ANOTHER 2 DEGREES CELSIUS BY THE
END OF THE CENTURY.
THIS IS SOMETHING IMPORTANT TO
UNDERSTAND.
UNDERSTAND. THIS IS WHY THESE TWO TICKS OF
MERCURY ACTUALLY MATTER.
FIRST, LET’S UNDERSTAND WHERE WE
GET THE NUMBER.
IT WAS ESTABLISHED IN THE PARIS
AGREEMENT, 2 DEGREES CELSIUS
RISE IN GLOBAL TEMPERATURE ABOVE
PRE-INDUSTRIAL LEVELS.
PRE-INDUSTRIAL LEVELS. CLIMATE CHANGE IS NOT A NEW
CONCERN BY THE WAY.
NEWS PIECES LIKE THIS ONE FROM
NEW ZEALAND NOTED THAT THE COAL
POWER PLANT ADDED 7 MILLION TONS
OF COX ACID.
CARBON DIOXIDE.
CARBON DIOXIDE. HERE IS WHAT GLOBAL TEMPERATURES
LOOKED LIKE IN 1912.
THIS IS ON THE SAME SCALE OF
NEGATIVE 4 TO 4 DEGREES.
THIS IS WHAT IT LOOKED LIKE IN
2018.
2018. THE DIFFERENCE THIS IN 2018 AND
THIS IN 1918.
WE ARE CURRENTLY ON TRACK TO SEE
TEMPERATURES CHANGE THREE TO
FIVE TIMES THIS CHANGE BY THE
END OF THE CENTURY ACCORDING TO
THE UNITED NATION’S DATA.
JOINING ME NOW IS MICHAEL MANN
AT PENN STATE UNIVERSITY AND
COAUTHOR OF "THE MAD HOUSETHE "M
EFFECT."
EFFECT." THE NEWS OF THIS PAST JULY WAS
THE HOTTEST ON RECORD.
JULY IS SUPPOSED TO BE A HOT
MONTH.
MONTH. WHAT WAS THE HOTTEST JULY ON
RECORD MEANS TO YOU?
>> THANKS ALI, GOOD TO BE WITH
YOU.
YOU. IT IS SPECIAL SIGNIFICANT
BECAUSE JULY AS IT TURNS OUT IS
THE HOTTEST MONTH FOR THE ENTIRE
PLANET.
PLANET. THIS MAY BE NON INTUITIVE TO
YOUR VIEWERS BUT THE FACT IS THE
NORTHERN HEMISPHERE HAS A LOT
MORE LAND AND MAYOR LANDJOR LAN
MASSES.
MASSES. LAND HITEATS UP MORE IN THE
SUMMER.
SUMMER. AS GOES THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE,
GOES THE PLANET WHEN IT COMES TO
SEASONAL CHANGES AND
TEMPERATURES.
TEMPERATURES. JULY IS THE HOTTEST MONTH IN
NORTHERN HEMISPHERE AND WE HAD
THE HOTTEST JULY.
WE JUST HAD THE HOTTEST MONTH
THAT THIS PLANET HAS SEEN FOR AS
LONG AS WE HAVE BEEN MEASURING
TEMPERATURES.
TEMPERATURES. >> THE HOTTEST JULY ON RECORD
HAD OCCURRED IN 2005.
I WANT TO TALK ABOUT THIS TWO
DEGREES THING.
DEGREES THING. IT IS HARD FOR PEOPLE TO
UNDERSTAND BECAUSE YESTERDAY WAS
SEVERAL DEGREES WARMER THAN IT
WAS.
WAS. TODAY WHERE I AM.
THIS TWO DEGREES CELSIUS
THRESHOLD.
THRESHOLD. THE WASHINGTON POST ANALYZED
DATA FOUND THAT SEVERAL SECTIONS
IN THE UNITED STATES EXPERIENCED
THE 2 DEGREES WARMING.
HELP PEOPLE UNDERSTAND WHAT DOES
IT MEAN?
IT MEAN? WE CROSS THE THRESHOLD OR DO WE
COME BACK FROM IT OR CAN WE FIX
IT?
IT? >> YES, TO PROVIDE
SOME PERSPECTIVE HERE, TWO
DEGREES SOUNDS LIKE A MAUL
INCREASE IN TEMPERATURE, BUT
THAT’S THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A
HEALTHY PERSON AND SOMEBODY
SUFFERING A FEVER, BECAUSE IT’S
SYSTEMIC.
SYSTEMIC. YOUR ENTIRE BODY WARMS UP THAT
AMOUNT.
AMOUNT. IT’S THE SAME THING WITH THE
EARTH.
EARTH. THE EARTH IS SUFFERING A FEVER.
AND WHAT MIGHT SOUND LIKE A
MODEST WARMING OF TWO DEGREES
CELSIUS -- A LITTLE LESS THAN
FOUR DEGREES FAHRENHEIT --
CORRESPONDS TO A MAJOR MELTING
OF THE ICE SHEETS, INCLUDING
GREENLAND.
GREENLAND. WE JUST SAW LAST MONTH -- THE
MONTH OF JULY -- 200 BILLION
TONS OF ICE MELTED FROM
GREENLAND, ENOUGH TO RAISE SEA
LEVELS BY HALF A MILLIMETER.
THAT MIGHT SOUND SMALL, BUT IT’S
LARGE ENOUGH THAT THE HUMAN EYE
CAN ACTUALLY SEE IT.
SO, WE CAN ACTUALLY SEE THE
AMOUNT OF SEA LEVEL RISE THAT
HAPPENED BECAUSE OF THE
EXCESSIVE HEAT IN GREENLAND.
WE SAW EXCESSIVE HEAT HERE IN
THE NORTHEASTERN U.S., IN
EUROPE.
EUROPE. SO, WHAT MIGHT SOUND LIKE A
MODEST AMOUNT OF WARMING
CORRESPONDS TO AN INCREASE IN
THE SEVERITY OF THESE MAJOR HEAT
WAVES, THE MELTING OF THE ICE
SHEETS, THE RISE IN SEA LEVEL,
AND A WHOLE HOST OF
UNPRECEDENTED EXTREME WEATHER
EVENTS THAT WE HAVE SEEN PLAY
OUT IN RECENT YEARS,
UNPRECEDENTED FLOODS AND
WILDFIRES AND SUPERSTORMS AND
HEAT WAVES.
HEAT WAVES. >> SO, WHEN THE PRESIDENT PULLED
THE UNITED STATES OUT OF THE
PARIS AGREEMENT, LET’S JUST
LISTEN TO WHAT HIS RATIONALE
WAS.
WAS. >> EVEN IF THE PARIS AGREEMENT
WERE IMPLEMENTED IN FULL, WITH
TOTAL COMPLIANCE FROM ALL
NATIONS, IT IS ESTIMATED IT
WOULD ONLY PRODUCE A TWO-TENTHS
OF ONE DEGREE.
THINK OF THAT.
THIS MUCH CELSIUS REDUCTION IN
GLOBAL TEMPERATURE BY THE YEAR
2100.
2100. >> ALL RIGHT, THAT DISPLAYS A
REMARKABLE MISUNDERSTANDING OF
THE PROBLEM HERE BECAUSE I THINK
PEOPLE LIKE YOU WOULD
CELEBRATE -- YOU’D JUMP FOR JOY
IF WE GOT A TWO-TENTHS REDUCTION
IN TEMPERATURE.
IN TEMPERATURE. WE ARE BARRELING IN THE WRONG
DIRECTION.
DIRECTION. >> YEAH, AND YOU KNOW, AS WE’VE
COME TO EXPECT, WHAT THE
PRESIDENT SAYS GENERALLY ISN’T
TRUE, AND THAT’S THE CASE HERE
AS WELL.
AS WELL. IF ALL OF THE COUNTRIES -- AND
THAT’S EVERY COUNTRY NOW IN THE
WORLD THAT SIGNED ON TO THE
PARIS ACCORD -- IF EVERY COUNTRY
MAKES GOOD ON THEIR COMMITMENTS
UNDER THE PARIS ACCORD, THAT
WILL TAKE WHAT WOULD BE ABOUT A
FOUR TO FIVE-DEGREE CELSIUS
WARMING -- A NINE-DEGREE
FAHRENHEIT WARMING OF THE
PLANET -- AND CUT IT ALMOST IN
HALF.
HALF. IT DOESN’T GET US WHERE WE NEED
TO BE.
TO BE. WE NEED TO KEEP THAT WARMING
LESS THAN TWO DEGREES CELSIUS,
FOUR DEGREES FAHRENHEIT.
PARIS GETS US ABOUT HALFWAY