Temple of the Sacred Tooth Relic in Kandy, Sri Lanka
Sri Dalada Maligawa or the Temple of the Sacred Tooth Relic is a Buddhist temple in the city of Kandy, Sri Lanka.
It is located in the royal palace complex of the former Kingdom of Kandy, which houses the relic of the tooth of the Buddha.
Since ancient times, the relic has played an important role in local politics because it is believed that whoever holds the relic holds the governance of the country.
Kandy was the last capital of the Sri Lankan kings and is a World Heritage Site mainly due to the temple.
Bhikkhus of the two chapters of Malwatte and Asgiriya conduct daily worship in the inner chamber of the temple.
Rituals are performed three times daily: at dawn, at noon and in the evenings.
On Wednesdays, there is a symbolic bathing of the relic with a herbal preparation made from scented water and fragrant flowers called Nanumura Mangallaya.
This holy water is believed to contain healing powers and is distributed among those present.
The temple sustained damage from bombings by Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna in 1989 and by Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam in 1998 but was fully restored each time.
In the Central Highlands, almost dead centre in the little island of Sri Lanka lays Kandy City.
The crown jewel of the city is the famed Sri Dalada Maligawa, also known as the Temple of the Tooth.
‘Maligawa’ literally translates to palace, and the temple is part of the palace complex.
The entire complex is over three centuries old at least, and has seen many a king’s rise and fall.
It has seen bloody wars and peaceful reigns and is one of the most historical places still standing in the island.
History
The Sacred Tooth of Lord Gautama Buddha is preserved in Kalinga, India.
The Kalinga king Guhasiva in the 4th century AD sends the tooth relic to Sri Lanka with Prince Danta and Princess Hemamala in order to prevent its possession by his enemies who made war.
The tooth relic is received by the then King Meghavanna in Anuradhapura and enshrined in a 3rd century holy edifice.
The tooth relic became a symbol of status denoting the right to ascend the throne, and later kings in the kingdoms of Anuradhapura, Polonnaruwa and Dambadeniya built temples for the relic close to the royal residences.
In the era of the Kotte Kingdom, the temple of the tooth was situated in the toyal city – Sri Jayawardenapura Kotte.
With the rise of the Kingdom of Kandy the Tooth of Lord Buddha was brought to the city, where it was housed in a two story building by the King Vimaladharmasuriya I. The building did not survive the ravages of time.
The tooth relic was taken into hiding during the Portugese Invasion in 1603.
It was brought back to Kandy by King Rajasingha II almost half a century later, and rehoused in a building identical to the former building.
The current temple of the tooth was built by King Vira Parakrama Narendra Singha in the early 1700s.
There was further construction on the moat and octagonal structure by the later King Sri Wickrama Rajasingha.
The Temple of the Tooth suffered damage and had to be repaired due to various civil wars in the late 20th century.
Folklore
Legend states that after Lord Buddha was cremated following his death, his remains were distributed among the different realms for worship.
Apparently of all these remains his four canines were the holiest of all.
Of the four canines; the right canine was supposedly taken for worship by the King of Gods, another canine was taken by the king of the land Gandhara (an area which now is Pakistan), while the third was taken by the Nagas (snake people) who worshipped it in a golden shrine room, and the final left canine was given to the King of Kalinga in East India.
The Architecture
Temple of the Tooth building complex.
The Main Entrance.
Moat.
The Octagon – Pattripuwa.
Handun kunama.
The Golden Canopy.
The Temple of the Tooth Museum – New Palace.
The Royal Palace.
The National Museum of Kandy.
International Buddhist Museum – Old Courts.
Kandy Lake.
Queens Bath.
Diyathilaka mandapaya.
The entire temple complex, from peaked tiled roofs to white walls with large airy windows, is built using classical Kandyan architecture.
The main shrine has two floors.
There are various chambers in the floors including the one where the tooth relic is kept known as ‘handun kunama’.
The door to that chamber is carved in ivory and inside the tooth rests on seven gemstone-studded golden caskets.
The Temple of the Tooth is an art and history lover’s paradise.
The first thing a visitor sees as they approach the entrance gates which lie over the moat is the large carved entrance arch with its elephants on either side.
The ground before the entrance has a carved ‘welcome mat’, also known as a ‘moon stone’.
The moonstone is similar to a full moon cut in half with rows of animals and other carvings depicted in concentric rows inside the sector.
The flat area is placed along the edge of the entrance with the curved area facing the visitor.
The insides of the shrine are covered in beautifully detailed and elaborate paintings.
With low curved ceilings of corridors and paved floors with their stones polished by a million feet, the shrine transports its visitors to a different age when kings walked the soil of Sri Lanka.
In addition to the main shrine there are other attractions such as the Royal Palace that now spends its days as an archeological museum, the Audience Chamber which now doubles as a chamber for ceremonies, and various other associated structures.
Kandy Esala Perahera
The Esala Perahera is a sort of festival held in July to commemorate Lord Buddha’s Conception, Renunciation, and First Sermon.
This celebration is part of the social tradition of Sri Lanka, and has colorful processions with entertaining circus like elements such as elephants, sword dancers, fire eaters, stilt walkers, etc.
However the main attraction of the event is the Tooth Relic brought out on the back of a decorated elephant for all to worship.
The Kandyan dancers too play a major role in the procession.
The Temple of the Tooth and the Esala Perahera are part of Sri Lankan tradition and must be seen by any and all visitors to the country.
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