Welcome to Space News from the Electric Universe, brought to you by The Thunderbolts Project™ at Thunderbolts.info
One of the strangest cosmic phenomena ever observed in the Milky Way
galaxy is the Fermi bubbles. In 2010, astronomers using the Fermi Gamma Ray
Space Telescope, discovered the so-called ’bubbles’ - giant structures, mostly composed
of gamma rays, that stretch for tens of thousands of light-years above and below
the Milky Way's spiral disk. The structure’s incredible size, as well as
their weird energetic emissions, have been a source of ongoing puzzlement for
the last decade. A 2014 phys.org piece describes the enigma as follows: “The
outlines of the bubbles are quite sharp, and the bubbles themselves glow in
nearly uniform gamma rays over their colossal surfaces, like two 30,000
light year tall incandescent bulbs screwed into the center of the galaxy....
Their size is another puzzle. The farthest reaches of the Fermi bubbles
boast some of the highest energy gamma rays, but there's no discernible cause
for them that far from the galaxy.” in at least one regard, the basic quandary
the bubbles present to astrophysicists is similar to countless other
high-energy phenomena seen at the cosmic scale, that is how does one explain
stupendous electromagnetic structures and emissions in a universe where
electromagnetism does not cause anything? After all, in the world of technology,
when one wishes to produce X-rays, one does not go through the labor of
smashing or compressing objects in the hope of producing shock waves, which
might heat and ionize the surrounding air. Nevertheless, it's a stunning fact
that in 2020, despite the incredible revelations of a universe filled with
plasma, pervasive and well-ordered magnetic fields and yes the inarguable
signature of electric currents at every scale in the cosmos, astrophysicists still
rely on mechanical and kinetic processes to explain the electromagnetic phenomena
now observed. This of course includes the ongoing efforts to explain the Fermi
bubbles. Recently, a team of scientists at the Shanghai Astronomical Observatory
used theoretical models and computer simulations to try to demonstrate that
the bubbles were produced by the ’forward shock’ created by powerful jets
at the galactic center. Jets which supposedly blasted from the hypothetical
black hole at Sagittarius-A, five million years ago. A phys.org report on the study
states: “Seeing the very similar edges of Fermi bubbles in the galactic center
bi-conical X-ray structure, the Shanghai Astronomical Observatory researchers
realized these structures might share the same origin. Furthermore, the
bi-conical X-ray structure could be naturally explained by the shock-
compressed thin shell of hot thermal gas driven by a past energy outburst from
the galactic center.” This however is not the first time that science headlines
have declared that the mystery of the bubbles had been resolved. In 2017
Astronomy Magazine published the headline “Hubble solves the mystery bulge
at the center of the Milky Way.” Astronomers claim that between 6 and 9
million years ago, a ‘giant snack’ by the hypothetical black hole produced the
energies that created the bubbles. We suggest however, that the discovery of
such unexpected and stupendous electromagnetic phenomena should have
inspired investigations into electromagnetic science. Plasma
physicists can easily see the bubbles as demonstrations of electrical phenomena,
documented for decades in laboratories. This includes the most puzzling feature
in the bubbles which is the presence of the most intense gamma rays at the outer
edges of the bubbles, something that will never make sense in kinetic models that
rely on mechanical shock waves. The first assumption that all investigations into
the bubbles make, lies at the very heart of modern astrophysics. That is the
belief that at the center of most galaxies is a supermassive
black hole. No other explanation for the tremendous energies and mass at galactic
centers, has ever been investigated by mainstream astrophysics. In our own
galaxy, recent discoveries not compatible with black hole theory, have yet to
inspire astrophysicists to consider the black hole's non-existence. This includes
the observation of star formation and impossibly close distances to the
so-called black hole where tidal forces are required to rip the gas and dust
apart. It includes the infamous non-consumption of the gas-cloud G2, when
astronomers around the world eagerly expected the black hole at Sagittarius-A
to gobble the cloud in a spectacular display. However, plasma cosmologists have
proposed that at the centers of galaxies is not a black hole, but a physically real
object which has been produced in laboratories for many decades called a
plasmoid. The term plasmoid was coined by renowned MIT physicist Winston Bostick
in the 1950s. Bostick described the plasmoid as follows: “The plasma is
emitted not as an amorphous blob, but in the form of a torus. We shall take the
liberty of calling this toroidal structure a plasmoid, a word which means
plasma-magnetic entity.” Bostick's experimental research on the plasmoid
led to the development of the dense plasma focus device. Bostick simulated
many astrophysical phenomena through plasma physics experiments, including
galaxy formation and spectacular cosmic jets. So-called black hole jets are not
well explained in standard astrophysics. However the jets’ collimation over
unfathomable cosmic distances; the knotted structures, seen in many jets;
their nearly lightspeed velocity; their emissions of synchrotron radiation; and
of course, the inferred measurements of electric currents in the jets by radio
astronomers; are all the predictable features of a discharging galactic
plasmoid. Since the plasmoid jets are part of a vastly larger electrical
circuit, this also explains the source of the energy to the most distant parts of
the cosmic jet, sometimes over many hundreds of
thousands of light years. In fact the composite image released in 2019 which
science media characterized as the ’first direct image of a black hole’,
matches perfectly the familiar doughnut- shaped form of the plasmoid. Another
physically real object, still absent from the lexicon of astrophysicists, is a
plasma formation called a double layer. The father of plasma cosmology, Nobel
Prize winner Hannes Alfvén, proposed that the double layer should be classified as
a discrete celestial object and that explosions of double layers could be the
source of gamma ray bursts and mysterious X-ray emissions. A double
layer, or what is known as a Langmuir sheath, forms between plasma regions of
different properties. Again, the presence of the most intense gamma rays at the
outer edges of the Fermi bubbles, can be resolved by simple plasma physics. In the
Electric Universe explanation, the edges of the bubbles delineate the boundary of
the galactic plasma environment and that of deep space. A double layer only exists
where there is an electric current flowing through a space plasma. In this
case, the double layer at the bubbles’ edge would be like a giant spherical
plate capacitor, with positive charge on one plate and negative charge on the other.
Charged particles are accelerated across the double layer, generating
electromagnetic radiation which can include X-rays and gamma rays. The double
layer acts as a boundary effect, dissipating electrical energy in a thin
layer. Plasma scientist Anthony Peratt wrote in his book, Physics of the Plasma
Universe: “X-ray and gamma ray sources are likely to have the radiative energy
supplied by electrical currents.” Of course, the detection of electric
currents in space, is even vastly more complicated than the detection of
magnetic fields. However, in the field of radio astronomy, a number of scientists
have documented discoveries which reveal the expected signatures of cosmic scale
electric currents. One of the most powerful of these discoveries came in
2019, when a team of scientists observed a vast
radio-emitting filament of plasma which stretches across 10 million
light-years connecting two clusters of galaxies, called Abell 0399 and 0401.
The filament also marked the first time scientists have found a magnetic field
connecting two galactic clusters and perhaps most importantly, the radio
emission the filament emits is synchrotron radiation, which the Electric
Universe theory proposes, is produced by spiraling electrons along an
intergalactic Birkeland current. As stated by astronomer Matteo Murgia, “We typically
observe the emission mechanism in action in individual galaxies and even
in galaxy clusters, but never before has a radio emission been observed
connecting two of these systems.” A Sciencealert report on the discovery
states, ”... the electrons are covering way more distance than is expected - which
means there has to be another element at play.” Cosmic scale electric currents are
also the only promising theoretical pathway that can explain cosmic magnetic
fields, which mainstream cosmology did not predict and to this day has not
explained. As with the Fermi bubbles, many astrophysicists seek to explain galactic
magnetic fields by mechanical explosions and chaotic processes over eons of time.
Like many other beliefs in popular cosmology, it has proved incorrect. As we
reported many times, scientists have now documented many galaxies with magnetic
fields of quote “astonishing order.” As described in a phys.org report from
last year, “Galactic magnetic fields are formed through numerous stellar
explosions, the effects of which last for hundreds of millions of years. The energy
bursts of all supernovas put together produce a galaxy's magnetic fields. Due
to the fact that stellar explosions are chaotic processes, scientists had not
expected them to generate a magnetic field with an orderly structure on a
large scale. But this is exactly what they have now proved to be the case in
several galaxies.... The underlying mechanisms have not yet been fully
understood.” We suggest that the reason the underlying mechanisms are not yet
understood, is because they have not been investigated. And yet, what mechanism
produces a magnetic field with an orderly structure? This rhetorical
question is a challenge to any scientist or critic who dismisses the importance
of electric currents in space. And just last month, a new scientific paper
reported perhaps the most stunning confirmation yet, of the plasma cosmology
and Electric Universe prediction that a vast electrical circuitry pervades the
universe in the form of electromagnetic cosmic filaments. As noted in the April
2020 Scientific American piece ”Strange Extragalactic Strands Mystify
Astronomers, “The universe is a stupendously vast and puzzling place.
Millennia of scientific advances have incrementally increased our
understanding of it, but every now and then scientists still spy something
shrouded in almost inexplicable mystery. Now such a puzzle has come in the form
of filaments of electromagnetic radiation hundreds of thousands of light-
years long - the likes of which have never before been seen...” The article notes that
the filaments in our own galaxy are quote ‘not fully understood’ and are
thousands of times smaller than the colossal filaments recently observed
from the galaxy ESO 1307006. Radio astronomer Heino Falcke says of the
electromagnetic filaments, “This is very weird.... It's really hard to imagine how
this could be made.” However, imagination is not necessary, but a familiarity with
the foundations of plasma cosmology is. In conclusion, it's ironic that such a
stupendous testimony to electromagnetism in our own galaxy as the Fermi bubbles
is described as quote “light bulbs in space”. Today they remain an opportunity
for space scientists to experience a heretofore unrealized light bulb of understanding.
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