Welcome back to JForrest English.
I'm Jennifer.
And today you're going to learn the 10 most common C1 nouns in the English language.
These are advanced nouns that you need to know to express your ideas fluently and naturally.
And make sure you watch until the end.
Because I'm going to quiz you to make sure you really understand this vocabulary.
Let's get started.
In this lesson, all the vocabulary is considered C1.
Vocabulary.
Students at this level are expected to have a wide
range of vocabulary and use advanced language structures.
So by adding these most common C1 nouns to your vocabulary,
you'll be able to get to that C1 level faster.
Disparity.
This is a noticeable difference or inequality between things,
often in terms of quantity, quality, or status.
For example, there is a significant disparity
in income levels between the rich and poor in this city.
Remember grammatically that we're talking about nouns.
So pay attention to if the noun requires an article,
or if not, because it's either an exception or it's uncountable.
In this case, we have a disparity.
We need an article.
There is a modifier, a significant disparity.
The article is conjugated with the modifier.
So if you need AH or, and it depends on what directly
comes after the article A significant disparity.
Resilience, Resilience.
This is a concept, and it's when you can recover quickly from challenges or difficulties.
For example, the community's resilience was evident in how
quickly they rebuilt after the devastating earthquake.
So there was this devastating earthquake that destroyed the homes.
But the city's resilience, their ability to recover quickly from challenges or difficulties,
allow them to rebuild the home and notice that the resilience, it belongs to the city.
This city's resilience.
Dilemma.
That's fun to say.
Dilemma.
This is a difficult situation or problem where a choice must be
made between two options, but they're equally undesirable.
So both of the options aren't very good, but you have to make a decision.
That's a dilemma.
And notice that article a dilemma.
For example, she faced A dilemma between taking a high paying job
she didn't enjoy or pursuing her passion for art, but with an uncertain income.
So she can take the high paying job, but she doesn't like it.
Or she can pursue art, but there's no money.
So that's a dilemma, because both of those options have undesirable qualities.
Endeavor.
This is a serious or determined effort to achieve something,
especially something challenging or worthwhile.
For example, the team made every endeavor to complete the project ahead of schedule.
Notice here, because it's a noun, we sometimes require
other grammatical structures to make it complete.
And here you make an endeavor.
Otherwise, we could actually use endeavor as a verb.
The team endeavored to complete the project.
But this lesson is teaching you nouns.
And in this case, endeavor is also a noun.
But you make an endeavor.
In this example, it's made every endeavor.
So we have our verb make in the past Simple.
And because every implies there was more than one, we don't have an article made every endeavor.
But endeavor is a noun that doesn't take a plural form.
So the noun is plural, but we don't add an S to it.
Inclination, Inclination.
This is a natural tendency or preference towards something.
His inclination towards music led him to pursue a career as a professional musician,
so he has a natural tendency towards music.
Or simply, he has a preference, and because of that preference,
he's pursuing a career as a musician.
His inclination and notice the inclination belongs to him.
His inclination towards music.
Catalyst.
A catalyst is something that speeds up
a significant change or that causes a significant change.
For example, the new technology served
as a catalyst for the company's rapid expansion into international markets.
So in this case, the catalyst is the new technology
and the new technology allowed the company to speed up a significant change, which in this
case is expanding into international markets or it simply caused that significant change.
So either they were in the process of doing this or they started it as a new project.
But the new technology was the catalyst, it sped it up or it caused it.
Disposition, disposition.
This is a person's inherent qualities of mind and character.
Or you can think of it as one's temperament or nature.
For example, her cheerful disposition made her a joy to be around even in difficult situations.
So here her disposition, disposition is the noun,
and it simply represents her character, her personality.
And then we have an adjective, her cheerful disposition,
and in that case it sounds like a positive disposition.
But somebody could have a negative disposition.
His angry disposition made him a negative person to be around.
To completely change the example to the opposite connotation.
Connotation.
This is the emotional or cultural associations that a word has beyond is literal meaning.
So let's take the word home literally.
A home is where you live.
That's the literal meaning.
Well, what other connotations are there with the word home?
We could say the word home has positive connotations of warmth and security.
So that's the emotional characteristics that the word has beyond is literal meaning.
That's the connotation, controversy, controversy.
I'm sure you know this one.
This is a prolonged public dispute or debate,
often involving opposing views or conflicting opinions.
For example, the new government policy sparked A controversy among citizens
and politicians alike sparked a controversy.
Here, the word spark simply means created.
The controversy only exists because of this new policy.
And remember, the controversy is that there are opposing views, conflicting ideas.
So there's going to be some sort of debate, and is going to be a prolonged debate,
a longer than usual debate, because it's a controversy.
Inference, inference.
This is a conclusion reached based on evidence and reasoning rather than direct observation.
So I could look at something and reach a conclusion.
That's direct observation, but maybe I don't have the advantage of looking at something,
So I have to use evidence and reasoning to reach that conclusion.
That's inference.
This is something that detectives do, because detectives don't always get to simply look
at something, to directly observe it, for example, from the clues provided.
So the clues, that's the reasoning and the evidence.
From the clues provided, the detective made a crucial inference about the suspects location.
So the detective reached a conclusion about the suspects location not based on observation,
because if you could observe where a suspect is,
well then you would know exactly where that person is.
But the detective didn't know.
He had to use inference, the clues to determine that.
So now you know the top ten C1 nouns, but how well do you truly know these nouns?
Let's find out.
With a quiz.
So here are the questions.
Hit pause.
Take as much time as you need, and when you're ready to see the answers, hit play.
So how do you do with that quiz?
Well, let's find out.
Here are the answers.
Hit pause.
Take as much time as you need to review the answers.
And when you're ready to continue, hit play.
So how did you do with that quiz?
Make sure you share your score in the comments below and you can get this free
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