[Music]
hi I'm bill and welcome to clean care
in this episode we'll cover principles
of cleaning a clean facility is
important to maintain its appearance and
safety as well as contribute to its
overall long-term maintenance to remove
soil from any surface will always
require some combination of time
physical energy mechanical energy
chemical energy and temperature most
cleaning jobs will require at least two
of these properties but you can greatly
reduce one or more of them by slightly
increasing another for example with
enough time you could remove a juice
stain from a smooth surface by simply
using a cloth and scrubbing it until it
is gone alternatively if you add just a
little bit of cleaner and water you will
reduce the amount of time and physical
energy needed by a huge margin
fortunately today we have many tools at
our disposal in terms of chemistry and
equipment all designed to help reduce
the amount of physical energy and time
required for any given task
cleaning has been defined as the removal
of unwanted soil from any given surface
effective cleaning takes into account
the type of soil and the type of surface
to be cleaned and applying the
appropriate tasks and tools to reach the
desired result
soils are categorized into two types
organic soil includes dirt oil grease
food and blood in organic soil includes
calcium magnesium and rust surfaces also
fall into two categories
resilient surfaces relate mostly to
floors and include vinyl linoleum rubber
and wood non resilient surfaces would
include concrete ceramics stone and
brick it's important to consider both
the surface and the soil type as some
cleaning agents can be corrosive if used
on the wrong surface for example a
caustic such as a hydrochloric acid
might be suitable for removing soil from
some surfaces but may cause damage if
used to clean a painted or a finished
surface
there are four ways that cleaning can
take place each action is useful in
different circumstances although
cleaning by detergency aided by
mechanical action is by far the most
common in today's environment cleaning
by solvency involves applying a solvent
solution to oil-based organic soil over
time the soil particles are dissolved
and distributed throughout the solution
when the solution is removed the soil is
removed along with it solvents are
usually organic based and include
mineral spirits chlorinated solvents and
de limonene cleaning by detergency
involves applying a detergent to the
surface these solutions include
surfactants soil suspenders wetting
agents and water softeners with time
soil particles are lifted and suspended
in the solution until wiped away
water is the most common carrying agent
and the pH of the detergent solution is
usually neutral to moderately alkaline
cleaning by chemical reaction involves
applying a chemical based solution to
soil that is not affected by solvent or
detergent the chemical is usually acidic
and chemically changes the composition
of the soil which causes it to detach
from the surface this is effective for
removing non-organic insoluble soils
such as magnesium calcium and iron from
non resilient surfaces such as toilets
urinals and showers cleaning by
mechanical action can include simple
tasks like sweeping debris with a broom
using an abrasive pad to scrub a surface
or even sandblasting this type of
cleaning is most effective when used in
combination with a chemical program
the pH of a cleaning agent has a
significant effect on the surfaces that
are cleaned so it is important to have
an understanding of the chemicals that
you're using
pH is simply potential of hydrogen in a
solution and will determine how acidic
or alkaline a liquid is the pH of pure
water is 7 and is considered neutral
highly acidic solutions will have a high
concentration of hydrogen ions and
alkaline solutions will have a low
concentration of hydrogen ions
the pH scale is not linear like the
increments on a ruler but instead is a
logarithmic scale where each value
increases by a magnitude of 10 a
solution with a pH of 8 is 10 times more
alkali than a neutral solution more pure
water and a solution where the pH of
nine is a hundred times more alkaline
than water as you move up to the
stronger alkaline solutions the
difference will add up quickly a floor
stripper with a pH of 13 will be a
million times more alkaline than water
the same principles apply to acids as
well
mixing an acid and an alkaline together
can can slowed and neutralize the
effects of the other
alkaline solutions are effective in
cleaning oil-based organic soil from
surfaces
acidic solutions are effective for
cleaning mineral based in organic soils
it's important to consider the pH and
the surface since high pH cleaners can
easily remove paint from walls and strip
the protective coating off of other
surfaces this is why alkaline cleaners
are used in floor stripping since this
process leaves an alkali residue the
floor will have to be neutralized and
tested before continuing
modern cleaning chemical solutions for
the most part are made up of synthetic
detergents as they are better cleaners
and don't leave an alkali residue like
soap does synthetic detergents have
several basic ingredients surfactants
builders chelating agents and diluents
surfactants are the soil suspenders
emulsifiers and wetting agents that
lower the surface tension of water
essentially making the water wetter a
builder is a phosphate caustic or meta
silicate substance that increases or
builds the pH of a cleaner
a chelating agent or sequestrants
is a water softener which helps increase
the detergents effectiveness in hard
water
diluent is a carrier or vehicle water is
the most common diluent in liquids salt
and hash are the most common in powders
these ingredients will make a good basic
cleaner but for specific tasks a
specialized formula is needed to
construct a degreaser a solvent like de
limonene is added to make a germicide a
phenol or quat or hydrogen peroxide is
added and to make a floor stripper
ammonia a mean or solvent is added to
the synthetic detergent
although this technical information is
not necessary to get the job done we
hope that this video has given you a
good understanding of some of the
chemistry and principles that make
effective cleaning possible if you found
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