- [Voiceover] Let's see if we can take the indefinite
integral of sine squared x cosine to the third x dx.
Like always, pause the video and see if you
can work it through on your own.
All right, so right when you look at it you're like,
"Oh wow, if this was just a sine of x,
"not a sine squared of x.
"Well that's going to be the negative of
"the derivative of cosine of x.
"Maybe I could have used u-substitution.
"Likewise, if this was just a cosine of x not a cosine
"to the third of x, I could have used u-substitution.
"I could have said u is equal to sine of x,
"but I can't do that over here."
So the general ideas here, if one of these has an
odd exponent and you see that this one does have
an odd exponent, the cosine has an odd exponent.
What you do is you try to
algebraically engineer this expression inside,
so that you can use u-substitution.
The way that you can do that, if you have an odd
exponent like this, is to separate out one of the
cosine's x and then use the Pythagorean Identity
with the remaining cosine squared x, what do I mean by that?
Let me just rewrite this, so this can be rewritten as
sine squared x times...
Let me write it this way.
Times cosine squared x
cosine x.
All I did is I rewrote sometime to the third power,
something to the second power times that thing
to the first power, dx.
And this could be rewritten as,
sine squared x,
then I'm going to use the Pythagorean Identity
to convert this into one minus sine squared.
So that, by the Pythagorean Identity, is the same thing
as one minus sine squared x
and then we have cosine x,
times cosine x dx.
Now I can distribute this sine squared times one
minus sine squared and I am left with...
Let me do this in a new color, this business right here.
Now I'm left with the indefinite integral of,
Sine squared x times one is going to be
sine squared x and then sine squared x
times negative sine squared x is
negative sine to the fourth.
Then all of that times cosine x.
All of that times cosine x dx.
Now this is starting to look interesting,
cause I have sine squared x minus sine to the fourth x,
but I have the derivative of sine sitting out here.
I have cosine x, that's the whole reason why we
did this little algebraic manipulation.
So u-substitution works out quite well now.
Because if we said that..
Let me do another color, I'll do purple.
If we say that u
is equal to sine of x,
then du is going to be equal to cosine
of x dx, and that works out quite well
because we have the du right over here.
Then this would be u squared minus u to the fourth.
Which we know how to take the anti-derivative of,
it's over the whole stretch.
We can rewrite this as the indefinite integral.
Instead of sine squared x we're saying sine is
the same thing as u so we can rewrite that as,
u squared minus
u to the fourth
times du.
This is pretty straight forward, now this is going
to be u to the third over three
minus u to the fifth over five plus c.
Then we just do the reverse substitution
and then that gets us to be, instead of u
we want to put a sine of x there.
So we're gonna get sine to the third,
sine of x to the third over three
minus sine of x to the fifth power.
Let me rewrite that five a little bit.
Sine of x to the fifth power over five
plus c and we
are done.