AMY GOODMAN: This is Democracy Now!, Democracynow.org, The War and Peace Report.
I’m Amy Goodman.
JUAN GONZÁLEZ: And I’m Juan González.
Welcome to all of our listeners and viewers around the country and around the world.
We begin today’s show in Puerto Rico.
A stunning new report by researchers at Harvard has revealed the death toll from Hurricane
Maria may be 70 times higher than the official count.
The official death toll still stands at 64, but the new research says the death toll is
at least 4,645, and perhaps as many as 5,740.
The Harvard study was published Tuesday in the New England Journal of Medicine.
AMY GOODMAN: President Trump has so far not responded to the new study.
But in October, during a visit to Puerto Rico, Trump boasted about the low official death
count.
PRES.
TRUMP: Now, I hate to tell you, Puerto Rico, but you have thrown our budget a little out
of whack, because we have spent a lot of money on Puerto Rico.
And that’s fine.
We’ve saved a lot of lives.
If you look at the—every death is a horror, but if you look at a real catastrophe like
Katrina and you look at the tremendous—hundreds and hundreds and hundreds of people that died,
and you look at what happened here with really a storm that was just totally overbearing,
nobody has seen anything like this.
And what is your death count as of this moment?
Seventeen?
GOV.
RICARDO ROSSELLÓ: Sixteen certified.
PRES.
TRUMP: Sixteen people certified.
Sixteen people versus in the thousands.
You can be very proud of all of your people—all of our people working together.
Sixteen versus literally thousands of people.
JUAN GONZÁLEZ: With a death toll of at least 4,645, Hurricane Maria would become the second
deadliest hurricane in U.S. history, behind only the Galveston Hurricane of 1900, which
killed as many as 12,000 people in Texas.
The Harvard study surveyed almost 3,300 randomly selected Puerto Rican households and found
mortality rates leaped 62 percent from September 20th through the end of 2017, compared with
the prior year.
Researchers counted not just deaths directly from storm injuries such as falling debris,
but also those who died due to storm-related delays in medical treatment for injuries,
infections, and chronic illnesses.
AMY GOODMAN: The survey found “interruption of medical care was the primary cause of sustained
high mortality rates in the months after the hurricane, a finding consistent with the widely
reported disruption of health systems.
Health care disruption is now a growing contributor to both morbidity and mortality in natural
disasters.”
Well, for more, we go to San Juan, Puerto Rico where we are joined by Omaya Sosa, co-founder
of Puerto Rico’s Center for Investigative Journalism, where she is a reporter.
Her latest article is headlined, Puerto Rico Government Did Not Prevent Most Hurricane
MarÌa-Related Deaths.
Welcome back to Democracy Now!, Omaya.
Can you start off by talking about the significance of this Harvard study?
At the time it was said something like 60 people were dead.
Now this number of between 4,600 and 5,700 people.
OMAYA SOSA: Good morning, Amy.
Good morning, Juan.
Thanks for having me here with you again.
It is very important—it is significant because there is finally a prestigious institution
saying what we have been saying for eight months.
Everybody is shocked.
We are not shocked.
We have been saying that the numbers were much higher since the week after the hurricane
in September.
As early as the first week of December, we had already said that the first month, there
was more than 1,000 casualties.
So I am really glad people are finally listening.
Things are still really bad.
As you said, last week we published a story about the situation in hospitals and healthcare
facilities in Puerto Rico, and how they contributed to this high death toll.
The situation is still bad in some places, the result of decades of neglect from the
government to the healthcare system as a whole.
JUAN GONZÁLEZ: Omaya, I wanted to know if you could expand on that?
Because first of all, the study only goes through December 31st of 2017.
Clearly, there were many areas in Puerto Rico that did not even have electricity into January
and February, so the study doesn’t even cover that area.
But can you talk about what has happened to the healthcare system in Puerto Rico, especially
the privatization efforts that occurred in the 1990s?
OMAYA SOSA: Well, Puerto Rico used to have a public healthcare system that, let’s say
in the '70s, was a model even to the world.
By the ’90s, it had many problems but it still had a leveled let's say comprehensive
healthcare system, where you had primary healthcare facilities that were public, then you had
secondary and tertiary.
And they were all over the island in an ordered, organized system.
And in the ’90s, because they were losing a lot of money—the government was losing
a lot of money with the healthcare facilities and they had many other kinds of problems
with supplies and so forth—they privatized most of the system, leaving only the San Juan
hospitals mainly and some minor centers around the island.
So most of the hospitals in Puerto Rico are private now, and this hurricane struck in
a moment where that was not reorganized, let’s say.
The government had no control over the hospitals on the rest of the island, and when they started
trying to see how they could order the system, they had really no way.
They had no plan.
So besides this privatization thing, the government has also a responsibility over the private
hospitals.
They license these hospitals, they regulate these hospitals, and they are supposed to
inspect these hospitals at least every two years.
We found out that around 40 percent of the hospitals had not been inspected.
We found places—it’s hospitals and healthcare facilities; it’s not only hospitals.
So you have 70 hospitals as a whole.
With minor facilities and elderly homes that are also considered healthcare facilities,
it is 400.
We found out there were some of these places that were not inspected for eight years, let’s
say.
So there’s on one hand the privatization of facilities that left the government without
any plan of where to channel the patients in this crisis, in this emergency, and then
you have the situation that the private hospitals were not being inspected as they should be.
We asked for all of these reports.
No surprise, they did not give us access to the reports, so we don’t even know which
ones they inspected, what these reports said.
It is part of, as you’ve seen, a trend from this government to not give any information
on this issue.
AMY GOODMAN: You are suing for the mortality data?
OMAYA SOSA: Yes, we are, actually.
That was a big problem—the mortality data was one of the main problems we encountered
when we started investigating this in September.
It still is.
The Harvard report mentions this.
Not even they got the data after December.
The government has not made public any data at all since December.
And we have been suing the government since February for the complete set of the mortality
data so we can know what happened after December in Puerto Rico.
JUAN GONZÁLEZ: And Omaya, why do you feel, from your investigation of this tragedy, that
the government has maintained this clearly false death toll of at first 16, then 64,
and even now, even though it has commissioned its own study, keeps delaying putting that
study out of what the actual death toll was?
Why do you think that is?
OMAYA SOSA: I think in the beginning, it just was a matter of looking good, that they were
being effective in their response.
Because they knew this was happening from week number two.
It is negligence that they have not attended the situation with the seriousness it needs.
They could have prevented many, many deaths.
Because if from September, first week of October, you know what’s going on and you take charge
of the situation, how many deaths could have been prevented?
The data we have that goes until November only shows that deaths were still spiking
in November.
So many could have been prevented.
In the end, when nothing—they had no other choice—in December, data was so clear that
mortality had spiked so much in their own data—the governor had to admit that their
numbers were wrong and commissioned the study.
But still, I don’t think there’s a real will to find out what is going on.
We are already in the new hurricane season.
We have no information.
The study is still not ready—the one commissioned by the governor—and we cannot prepare for
the next season.
AMY GOODMAN: I want to turn to a clip of Jaime Plá, president of the Puerto Rico Hospital
Association.
The Association claims the Puerto Rican government never established a special protocol to handle
deaths during Hurricane Maria.
JAIME PLÁ: All deaths are clinical.
In other words, if they want to make a determination like after Hurricane Maria, the death count
in Puerto Rico increased by 43 percent, and I make a correlation that I’m going to put
that number into the Maria death toll statistics, fantastic.
I don’t have a problem with that.
But I need to be responsible.
And from the hospital’s point of view, I can’t ask them to make a diagnostic determination
that a death had to do with anything other than a clinical reason, because that is the
way we’ve always worked.
In terms of specific deaths, I believe if they want to justify a series of deaths, they
have to implement a protocol of how this will be done, and they have to cite a legal justification
to do that.
AMY GOODMAN: Omaya Sosa, if you can respond to Jaime Plá, the president of the Puerto
Rico Hospital Association?
He was speaking to your Center for Investigative Journalism.
OMAYA SOSA: I have to say he is actually right.
There’s no—the governor and the government was the one that had to take charge of this
and put out an executive order ordering the hospitals and the doctors to do this in a
certain way, and they never did.
They still haven’t fixed the protocol.
They have admitted the protocol is just simply wrong and it is not working.
And I have to repeat, I think there is a lack of interest from the government to really
make this happen.
It has been months.
JUAN GONZÁLEZ: And Omaya, in terms of the federal response in Washington to the hurricane,
what is, from your sense, the level of aid that has actually reached Puerto Rico?
Not what Congress votes or what President Trump says in a press conference, but of the
aid that has actually reached the people of Puerto Rico in their efforts at recovery.
OMAYA SOSA: Too little, too late.
We still have about 100,000 people here without electricity, and it has been eight months.
I don’t think that would have happened in any of the states.
I’m sorry, but it is unacceptable.
AMY GOODMAN: Overall, as we wrap up, Omaya, if you can describe the condition of Puerto
Rico right now?
OMAYA SOSA: It is much better in terms of places with electricity and with the basic
services, but it is still hanging on a thread.
Many places lose electricity or lose water service weekly or biweekly, a couple of times
each week.
The situation—but that is just going to basics.
When you go to the situation in general, it is far from getting back on its feet.
A lot of unemployment.
The streets are in very bad conditions.
It is difficult just driving around San Juan and the island.
Amy, you were here, so you saw the conditions, what the infrastructure is in.
Everything is just, you know, hanging in there.
AMY GOODMAN: We want to thank you very much for joining us.
Omaya Sosa, co-founder of Puerto Rico’s Center for Investigative Journalism.
The latest report, Puerto Rico Government Did Not Prevent Most Hurricane MarÌa-Related
Deaths.
Special thanks to WIPR public television in San Juan, which like many PBS stations around
the country also plays Democracy Now!
daily, where Omaya is broadcasting from today.
And next Wednesday we will have a special on Puerto Rico.
This is Democracy Now!.
When we return, Glenn Greenwald joins us.
Stay with us.