Hello and welcome to the Morningstar Series "Why Should I Invest With You?" I'm Emma Wall
and I'm joined today by James Anderson, Manager of the Scottish Mortgage Investment Trust.
Hello James. Hello, pleasure to be here.
So, firstly congratulations for winning the Morningstar Analyst Outstanding Fund Manager
of the Year. It was in part due to the performance, but also to do with the process and I thought
we could talk today about your approach to markets. Because I think it’s quite interestingly
contrarian and so far as valuation metrics that most people use, you don’t think are
particularly fit for purpose. No, we don’t and it intrigues me Emma, because
I think the period for which the traditional metrics or at least the default metrics such
as P/E on immediate earnings that people use, have really not been explaining markets and
companies for a very long period of time. That maybe even more acute in some of the
areas that we happen to invest in. But if you think about it, if you are Jeff Bezos
you aren’t trying to generate earnings for this year. It's about the decades to come
and lifetime consumer value. So, I think it's logical that our valuation stresses those
long-term categories. I find it quite irritating in many ways because lots of people say, we
don’t care about valuation. We think, we do, we think we're looking at the right valuation
which is probability adjusted long term cash flows.
And it is incredibly difficult though to have the scope to forecast the growth that some
of these, in particular tech stocks have had, before the camera started rolling you named
for example Amazon (AMZN) and Tencent (00700) and said if you'd rolled back time would you
have been able to envisage the behemoths that these companies have become? How do you do
that now then, how do you ensure that you are getting these judgement calls right?
Well, the first thing is that we try very hard to focus on that, because I do think
there is a huge behavioural issue in fund management that all that behavioral finance
does show that people dislike loss much more than they enjoy gain. But I think they underestimate
how much that's so for a professional fund manager who is constantly berated for making
mistakes. And at the same time, we live in a world where in fact equity returns aren’t
really explained by the normal company. They are explained by the huge outliers. So, we
try and spend a lot of time in our valuation trying to work out what the top 5% of outcomes
is. So, you are not saying it's going to happen, you are saying it's trying to happen. But
even given that frankly your two examples were extremely good ones Emma. We didn’t
get close to understanding the degree of opportunity those companies – understanding how great
a great company can be is truly difficult but fabulously exciting. Because it focuses
you on the opportunity. And the other thing that we were talking about
earlier is the idea that focusing less on markets as a whole and naturally understanding
the importance of just individual stock performance, because if you are not invested in the whole
market it doesn’t really matter what happens there.
I think that’s right. We were terribly influenced by a paper written by Hendrik Bessembinder
entitled Do Stocks Outperform T Bills? which the obvious answer is No. Because actually
your returns are dominated by a very small number of companies and it's trying to identify
which ones have the possibility of greatness that matters. The oddity around that is that
to be honest you can still be quite diversified and not capture any of these stocks. And I
think that is the lesson that markets need to think about much more. I still worry that
there is a misperception about where returns come from driven by, as you say, this concept
that it is an asset class that delivers the returns rather than individual companies.
James, thank you very much. My pleasure.
This is Emma Wall from Morningstar. Thank you for watching.