Hello my friends and welcome to another Tuesday of tutorial!
I am Leonardo Pereznieto and today I will explain you one point
perspective in drawing.
We begin by marking a horizon line, that as a general rule, is at your eye level.
And on this a dot, which is the vanishing point.
This is the most basic perspective.
Here all the parallel lines, visually, will merge at the vanishing point
which is always in front of us.
Let´s sketch a straight road with buildings on both sides.
I´m tracing guidelines for the rooftops and the basis of these
buildings.
And I make some lines that divide one building from the next one.
One of the rules in one point perspective is that objects
get smaller and smaller, as they are further away.
How much smaller? That is indicated by the lines that meet
at the vanishing point.
I may change some of the heights of the buildings to make them more
real, but I still have the guidelines.
We can mark the windows on a close by building, and then bring
the parallel lines to the vanishing point, to know where the other
windows, should be.
Same thing with the doors, we draw one door and following
the line, we know exactly the height, that the other doors should have.
Let´s sketch some other windows!
And remember that the vanishing point, as a rule, is in front of you.
And we will do something similar on the other side.
Now, as the horizon line is at your eye level, the things
that are above it, we see them from below, like in this case
the rooftops.
While the things that are below the horizon line,
we will always see them, from above looking down.
I will explain you this concept more clearly with the next example:
We mark the horizon line, and on this, the vanishing point
and we will draw a cube, that has one of its planes, facing us.
In order for this simple type of perspective with one vanishing point to work,
the object has to have one of its vertical planes squarely
facing us.
We sketch an imaginary line from each corner, to the vanishing
point.
If the object was tilted, then this type of perspective wouldn´t
apply. If the object was not facing us, then we would need
a 2 point perspective, which we will go over in another tutorial.
We mark the base of the cube and go over the side lines
and from the back corners, we sketch some lines,
to find the back side.
Up to now it is like this cube is transparent, or made
of wire.
With a marker let´s go over the lines
that we would see if it were solid.
Summarizing the three rules of the one point perspective: We know
that objects further away, look smaller.
Therefore the back plane of the cube, is
smaller than the front plain.
And the parallel lines of the lateral planes will converge
at one vanishing point.
And lastly as this cube is below the horizon line, which
is at our eye level, then we see it from above looking down.
That is why we can see the top side.
Now I am making another cube, but this time above the horizon line.
We sketch it in the same way as the last one, beginning
with the square and projecting all the corners to the vanishing
point.
Then a horizontal line for the top led, (on the other cube
it was for the base.)
And we project the two corners down, to find the opposite
one. That´s the bottom edge of back plain.
Good!
And we go over the lines that we would see if it were a solid cube.
As it is above the horizon line you guessed it, we are looking at it
from below.
And, I want you to notice that the horizontal planes, the farther they
are from the horizon line, they appear wider.
More similar to a square, which is their real shape.
While the planes closer to the horizon line
appear thiner.
Very good!
Let´s see how all this works in some photos and drawings.
This one is pretty simple in that there are only a few of parallel lines.
If we trace them, they all meet in one vanishing point.
This other one seems a lot more of complex. But all the
parallel lines that in reality would be perpendicular to our
face, like in the lateral planes of the cube, all merge at a single
vanishing point.
This is a sketch by artist Piranesi, as he was an Architect
he understood perspective perfectly, and the vanishing point is in front of
us on the horizon.
This is a more complicated drawing however we can solve it with
the same principles.
Now I want to show you an exception to the rule, that the
horizon line is always at our eye level.
In this case we are on a terrace on the roof top of a building.
Therefore our eye level and the vanishing point are above the horizon line.
Good!
Earlier I made emphasis that the vanishing point, is in front of us,
but that doesn´t mean that it has to be in the center of the drawing,
necessarily.
That depends on the frame we choose.
For example in this drawing our viewpoint and the vanishing point,
are toward the bottom right... but it works the same with all the converging
lines at the vanishing point.
That is all. I hope this tutorial was helpful to you!
And if you enjoyed it please give it a LIKE! share it to your friends
and subscribe to Fine Art-Tips.
And I will see you on Tuesday :)
Subtitled by Grethel Trejo