>>> WE ARE STILL COMING TO UNDERSTAND THE FEATURES AND
CHARACTER
CHARACTER CHARACTERS AND TRAITS AND THIS
OPEN ON GOING QUESTION ABOUT HOW
YOU CATCH IT, RIGHT?
WE KNOW IT’S TRANSMIT IN ALL
KINDS OF WAYS BUT JUST HOW
CONTAGIOUS IS IT AND PEOPLE ARE
WIPING DOWN THEIR MAIL AND THEIR
PACKAGES, THEY WORRY IN THE
PARKS IF PEOPLE JOG TOO CLOSE TO
THEM OUTSIDE AND ALL OF THAT
MIGHT BE TRANSMISSION.
IT LOOKS LIKE IT’S POSSIBLE BUT
INCREASINGLY IT SEEMS THE MAIN
METHOD OF TRANSMISSION, THE WAY
IT’S MAINLY BEING TRANSMITTED IS
SALIVA DROPLETS SPREAD THROUGH
AIR BEING EXPELLED BY PEOPLE
WITH COUGHS AND SNEEZES.
KERRY SANDERS DID THIS AMAZING
SEGMENT BREAKING DOWN WHAT THAT
LOOKS LIKE AND HOW THAT WORKS.
>> THE ENGINEERING PROFESSORS
USE A DUMMY TO SIMULATE THE
COUGH DROPLETS WE ALL CREATE.
>> THREE, TWO, ONE.
>> THE TEAM USES A LASER TO
FOLLOW HOW FAR THOSE DROPLETS
TRAVEL.
TRAVEL. WHEN YOU’RE LOOKING AT IS A MING
MIXTURE THAT CREATES SMOKE TEN
TO 20 MICRONS IN SIZE, THE SAME
SIZE AND WEIGHT OF THE DROPLETS
OF FLUID WE EXPEL WHEN WE COUGH.
THE SIMULATION SHOWS THE
PROJECTION THREE FEET TRAVELED
IN LESS THAN TWO SECONDS.
WITHIN 12 SECONDS.
>> THAT’S AT SIX FEET.
>> AND IN 41 SECONDS.
>> THERE WE GO, NINE FEET AND
THAT WAS A COUGH, WOULD YOU SAY?
>> THAT WAS A HEAVY, HEAVY
COUGH.
COUGH. >> IN SOME TESTS WE SAW IT
TRAVEL UP TO 12 FEET.
INCREASINGLY MACE KS ARE COMMON
PLACE.
PLACE. THE USE OF A MASK IS TO PROTECT
OTHER PEOPLE, NOT YOU.
IT DISSIPATES A COUGH.
>> MACESKS DO MAKE A DIFFERENCE
AND PROLONGED INDOOR EXPOSURE,
PEOPLE SITTING IN CLOSE QUARTERS
BREATHING THE AIR OF OF EACH
OTHER, LOOK AT THE BLUE CHAIRS
ARE PEOPLE WHO GOT INFECTED AND
LOOK HOW CLUSTERED TOGETHER MOST
OF THEM ARE, JUST SITTING RIGHT
NEXT TO EACH OTHER WORKING
BASICALLY ON TOP OF EACH OTHER.
JOINING ME TO TALK ABOUT WHAT WE
KNOW ABOUT CORONAVIRUS
TRANSMISSION IS DR. ANGELA A VIE
ROLL
ROLL VIROLOGIST AT COLOMBIA
UNIVERSITY’S SCHOOL OF PUBLIC
HEALTH.
HEALTH. SO MAYBE START WITH THE SORT OF
OVERVIEW ABOUT, LIKE, WHAT ARE
THE MAIN VECTORS?
DO WE THINK IS THE MAIN THING
THAT IS TRANSMITTING THE VIRUS,
THE HIGHEST RISK STUFF AND WE
CAN MOVE TOWARDS THE POSSIBLE
BUT NOT THE THING THAT’S DRIVING
INFECTION.
INFECTION. >> SURE, CHRIS.
THE PRIMARY MODE OF TRANSMISSION
FOR THIS VIRUS IS RESPIRATORY
DROPLETS AS YOU JUST STATED AND
THAT STUDY FROM SOUTH KOREA
DEMONSTRATES THAT.
DEMONSTRATES THAT. YOU HAVE A LOT OF PEOPLE IN ONE
ROOM GETTING INEFFECTEDFECTED WH
OTHER ROOMS ON THE SAME FLOOR
WEREN’T AS AFFECTED.
THESE ARE NOT SMALL PARTICLE
AEROSOLS HANGING IN THE ROOM
CIRCULATING THROUGH THE BUILDING
AND AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM.
THIS IS REALLY TRANSMISSION OF
THOSE TYPES OF RESPIRATORY
DROPLETS, THE LARGER PARTICLES
FROM PEOPLE WHO ARE ALL IN THE
SAME SPACE TOGETHER SHARING THE
SAME SPACE.
SAME SPACE. AND WE THINK THAT LARGELY, MOST
OF THE TRANSMISSION IS DRIVEN BY
THIS METHOD.
THIS METHOD. >> AND THAT MAKES ME -- AS WE’RE
LEARNING ABOUT THIS AND THINKING
ABOUT WHAT THE WORLD LOOKS LIKE
RIGHT AFTER LOCKDOWN.
YOU KNOW, IT MAKES YOU THINK
ABOUT SUBWAY CARS AND CROWDED
BUSES.
BUSES. IT MAKES YOU THINK ABOUT CONCERT
VENUES AND BIG COLLEGE LECTURE
CLOSES SOMEONE SITS THERE FOR AN
HOUR AND A HALF.
IT TO ME PUTS INTO FOCUS
WORKPLACES WHERE THEY DON’T
HAVE, YOU KNOW, ACTUAL OFFICES.
ALL THE PLACES THAT LOOK LIKE
THEY’RE PROBABLY GOING TO BE THE
MOST HIGH RISK.
IS THAT FAIR?
>> THAT’S VERY FAIR.
I THINK ONE OF THE THINGS THIS
STUDY UNDER SCORES IS HOW
EFFECTIVE THESE PHYSICAL
DISTANCING AND STAY AT HOME
MEASURES REALLY ARE FOR REDUCING
THE SPREAD OF THE ILLNESS.
IN AN OFFICE ENVIRONMENT AND
CROWDS YOU MENTIONED, ALL OF
THOSE EXAMPLES APPEAR TO BE GOOD
CIRCUMSTANCES IN WHICH THE VIRUS
CAN BE TRANSMITED TO A VARIETY
OF PEOPLE.
OF PEOPLE. >> THE GOOD NEWS HERE IT SEEMS
TO ME IS WHAT WE’RE LEARNING
ABOUT OUTDOOR TRANSMISSION AND
SUNLIGHT AND WHAT THE RISKS ARE
IF YOU’RE, SAY, OUTSIDE IN A
PARK AND PEOPLE ARE JOGGING PAST
AND JOG CLOSER THAN SIX FEET,
WHICH HAPPENS AND IT DOES SEEM
OBVIOUSLY PEOPLE SHOULD STAY FAR
AWAY BUT IT SEEMS IN GENERAL,
LIKE BEING OUTSIDE AND KEEPING
YOUR DISTANCE FROM PEOPLE IS
PRETTY SAFE ALL THINGS
CONSIDERED.
CONSIDERED. >> I THINK SO.
I MEAN, THE RISK IS NOT ZERO,
CERTAINLY.
CERTAINLY. ANY TIME YOU’RE EXPOSED TO
ANOTHER PERSON’S RESPIRATORY
DROPLETS, THERE IS A MEASURABLE
RISK.
RISK. WHAT WE LEARNED ABOUT SUNLIGHT
AS WELL AS THE OTHER VARIABLES
IN THE OUTDOOR ENVIRONMENTS, THE
WIND, HUMIDITY, TEMPERATURE,
THAT SORT OF THING, ALL OF THOSE
CAN AFFECT THE AMOUNT OF VIRUS
THAT YOU WERE EXPOSED TO AND IF
YOU’RE NOT EXPOSED TO ENOUGHINIT
YOU’RE LIKELY TO NOT BE
INFECTED.
INFECTED. >> THIS GETS TO THE SURFACE OF
THIS QUESTION AND I KNOW SOME
PEOPLE LIKE OBVIOUSLY IN
WORKPLACES LIKE IF WE GO BACK TO
THE CALL CENTER, THOSE SURFACES
ARE CLOSE TO EACH OTHER.
PEOPLE ARE MAYBE SNEEZING ON A
KEYBOARD AND ANOTHER PERSON IS
USING IT.
USING IT. PACKAGES, MAIL, THINGS LIKE
THAT, AGAIN, THE RISK IS NOT
ZERO, I DON’T WANT TO SUGGEST
THAT TO ANYONE BUT THAT SEEMS
FURTHER ALONG THE SPECTRUM OF
LOW RISK IF WE’RE SORT OF
CATEGORIZING THEM.
CATEGORIZING THEM. IS THAT FAIR?
>> I THINK THAT’S VERY FAIR.
IT REALLY A MATTER OF
PROBABILITY.
PROBABILITY. YOU HAVE TO THINK WHAT ARE THE
ODDS THAT YOUR PACKAGE HANDLER
IS INFECTED WITH CORONAVIRUS.
THEY TOUCH IT.
THEY’RE NOT TOUCHING THEIR HANDS
ALL OVER THE ENTIRE PACKAGE.
THEY’RE TOUCHING ONE PART OF IT.
WHAT ARE THE ODDS YOU’RE GOING
TO TOUCH THAT EXACT SAME SPOT,
GET ENOUGH VIRUS ON TO YOUR
HANDS TO ESTABLISH AN INFECTION
THEN TOUCH YOUR NOSE IN AN
AMOUNT OF TIME THAT VIRUS IS
STILL GOING TON INFECTIOUS.
THOSE ODDS ARE FAIRLY GOOD IN
TERMS OF YOU NOT GETTING
INFECTED.
INFECTED. I THINK THAT TOUCHING PACKAGES,
TOUCHING GROCERIES, THINGS LIKE
THAT ARE RELATIVELY LOW RISK
WHEN COUPLED WITH GOOD HAND LIE
HYGIENE.
HYGIENE. >> I THINK THAT PART OF IT, THE
OUTDOOR STUFF, PACKAGE STUFF IS
SORT OF LIKE ANXIETY REDUCING
BUT WHEN YOU TRY TO THINK ABOUT
LIKE HOW A BUSINESS THAT HAS A
HUGE BULLPEN THAT LOOKS LIKE
THAT ONE IN THE CALL CENTER IS
GOING TO SAFELY BRING EVERYONE
BACK, THAT IS A REAL HEAD
SCRATCHER.
SCRATCHER. DR. ANGELA, THANK YOU FOR