Translator: Fatima Alwalidi Reviewer: Safaa Al-Sabbagh
All the attendees here, have come for one purpose.
One of the human traits is the curiosity to know.
It is the trait that defines us as humans.
That we seek to know more, this curiosity begins
before even learning how to write or read. When the human lived in a primitive
life. The curiosity begins obviously, by looking up through the sky.
Previously, humans and our ancestors, until a recent time
about 50-60 years, lived without any pollution. Not as we have today
There weren’t so many lights as today in the new civilization. The night was
very wonderful.
We set for night
without electricity in most of the world. Thus people enjoyed their nights,
without electricity, television, or the internet.
That means all they had at night, was looking at the sky
The beautiful sky. The most important question which was
for human, and his curiosity, “What are the shining flights up there
on the blue carpet?
The human was searching for an answer for a very long time.
What are the circle blooming spots on the sky at night?
Today we are living in modern life where the pollution takes place.
There’s no such a beautiful scene.
But if anyone goes to the desert for a night, he could see
how much the sky is attractive, and takes one’s attention to be awake.
When we spend a night in the desert,
it takes one’s attention to be awake. Therefore the primitive man
considered the sky as a roof above the earth where he lived
on, and surrounded by these shining circles
due to the long distance, he began to create myths about it,
most of the myths related to a stronger power
that was looked like a God, or related to a God who
controlled our faith and was the strongest. Then he created myths among
different civilizations, in different stories and different cultures
Then, by the modern scientific development nowadays.
We understand and realize more things
about the universe.
We know that, the shining circles on the sky are stars or like
our sun and each star is surrounded by planets, thus the universe is endless.
We aren’t living in a rounded place,
under a roof full of shipping spots merely.
No, this is an endless universe, with unreasonable dimensions
It is full of spiral stars, which are very big.
And earth is only a very small creation in this huge universe.
It’s a planet moves around a sun, with other planets
When humans discovered the universe.
Firstly, he received information by the telescope and different
devices, in order to understand it, then
when the curiousity and the desire to know had raised up, we wanted
to go there, out of the boundaries of the earth, and go to many places,
Until humans could make it.
The first human landing on a luminary was in 1969,
On the moon.
Remember moon’s story?
In which many people suspect it.
All suspensions aren’t scientific. Human gets there.
After that, the space trips developed and became a wide.
Maybe, we have arrived at the end of the solar system.
trips of probes, not of a human being.
It travels out there due to humans’ needs.
To send out a living being,
It requires the supplies of life, that exist on the earth,
but don’t exist in the space. Those supplies, as we all know,
like water, food, breathing...
All those things, a kid can tell us that
we need water, air, and food to live as much as possible.
Moreover, gradually, we may feel the needs for other supplies.
We may not consider its value
toward us. The first destination,
or the first target after the moon, that we think about,
it was Mars.
What are the difficulties that we may face, if a person wants to live on Mars?
Sending people to live there, what difficulties could they face?
We have two main difficulties. One is on the way to Mars
We travel for long distances.
By the way
it could take time as we see here I can’t travel straight to Mars
Why straight? Because if I moved straight, I would be against the direction of
sun gravitation requires a massive energy
What do we have to do? We have to move in an orbital path
around sun. Does earth move around the sun by gravitation,
as well as Mars does? So that, we send the probes
Throughout an orbital path around the sun, but instead of
a steady orbit, it goes farther until it stands opposite Mars
Mars and earth, both, are moving around.
Imagine the precision we need to consider. Like someone
who said “I want to stop a flying bullet by using another bullet”
How it should work! I have to study its speed and path. As well as my bullet
how much the speed is, how it moves. To catch the flying bullet.
Imagine the long distance that I have to cut
to arrive on Mars. Based on the modern tech, it would probably take
8 months
That means I am going to spend 8 months!
You all, imagine a human being sitting in a 4-meter room, for 8 months
Setting with 2 or 3 travelers. Contacting by wireless which response hardly.
Imagine someone is sending a message, but without any response!
Where are you? Why don’t you answer?
If I get there and send a message to earth
The message will take 15 minutes
to receive to earth
saying “Good morning” takes 15 minutes to be on earth, as well as the response
To get to Mars
To say “good morning”
It takes 30 minutes
The distance is long, and dealing with it should be different.
There are two main problems during the trip,
First, it is the cosmic radiation
Which is harmful, and basically comes from the sun
Our sun is a massive nuclear reactor.
Nuclear energy fuses and generates enormous energy.
This integration generates many harmful substances.
First, it generates a harmful radiation like Gamma rays,
Ultraviolet and X-ray.
Second, it generates charged particles.
Which are particles without atomic, like Proton and Electron,
which come out from the sun
Ok, what protects us from those rays? It is two things
Electromagnetic waves,
which the earth’s atmosphere saves us from.
The ozone layer, which we heard about it many times,
stops the waves that have a high frequency like Gamma rays,
X-ray and Ultraviolet. Then we have the magnetic cover of the earth
Also, earth has a magnetic field around it, besides the cover
This one makes the charged particles lean far away
Instead of passing Earth, they lean and move around
earth far away
When we go out of such cover,
we will be unprotected and exposed to cosmic radiation
for a long time. It’s dangerous for human or a living being.
It cancers cells in the side a body of an organism
So, after a particular time, we will be dying, by losing our cells,
This is a big problem that needs a serious solution. During these 8 months
we will set in a micro- gravity
We live on earth and its gravity pulls us down. We’re accustomed to it
For example, moving and resisting it, make our muscles stronger
Imagine living without gravity, for 8 months
New things happen
Mark Kili’s picture. He is an American astronaut. He was an experiment
that showed how long humans can live without gravity
He sat in the international space station around one year
To test affects upon him. Now, doctors are studying biological impacts
atrophying muscular is the biggest issues
Did you see an astronaut after his return? He sat in an international space station
for 3 months. What did he look like?
Have you seen a scene like this on TV? He was left on
stretcher. He couldn’t walk. A person who sets 3 months
without gravity, then suddenly found himself pulled down by a gravity
as lifting weights which forces him to move down
Seriously, he couldn’t move, especially that the astronaut
who was under experiments for a long time
and for many exercises, to train the musculature.
After all this training, he couldn’t move with the gravity normally
The impact of gravity could extend for many hours or days.
How long!
Likewise, if we send a person for 8 months, what would happen to him?
How is the opposite?
Like, making it industrial
This is one of the important research
Which we have to focus on to send space trips
When we get to Mars. Well!
We land on a desert land. Ok that’s good
An excellent air
Can we live without anything? No.
First, there is no Oxygen It must be prepared
Secondly, there is a critical point If anyone saw the movie of Marsin
When the man wants to plant, he doesn’t plant it in soil with Dioxygen
Instead of using these supplies, he plants it in his room
in his home, or unit which is made for them
Why? Due to the temperature
Of course, if the temperature is under freezing, the plants wouldn’t grow up
Another important thing that exists in our lives, which we don’t care about
A thing
that we need
more than the Oxygen, right?
Does such a thing exist? If I asked anyone
What is the thing that you can’t live without
Do we die without it? He’ll say “the Oxygen. If I don’t breath
for few minutes, I would die.” Right?
Imagine losing a thing that causes death in less than a minute
We used to live with it, so we don’t appreciate it
What’s this thing? It’s the air pressure
The air on earth
for long-distance about 100k, it becomes heavy, then it reduces
gradually, they make a pressure
The air، water, ...ect
Theirs weights make pressure inside floating things
Inside the cover, that surrounds earth, the pressure occurs. It’s almost like
what we studied at school. We wrote 76 mercury centimeter
What and how is that?
As each centimeter of the surface area of our body
becomes a kilogram, WoW!
Today, I want you
to test this. Go to a vegetarian and take a kilo
We weigh by our hands, like this.
Our single finger is almost one centimeter
And imagine the pressure upon it. That means each century
of our body, is pressured by a kilogram?
But we can’t feel it. We accustomed to this pressure
So we don’t
care about it, or interact with it. But when it increases
we bear it for a limited period. Like divers
The space doesn’t have air or pressure
The pressure is zero.
So, if human moves out of the earth’s pressure, directly to
a zero pressure, he’ll die.
in seconds
But how? All the liquids of the body evaporate. He’s like a piece of wood
through seconds. He needs it more than Oxygen
So, if anyone is out of space traffic, there is no need to worry about Oxygen,
because he’ll die quickly
before realizing the need of Oxygen
Due to temperature and freezing.
Well, how much
is Mars pressure? Less than 1% of earth’s pressure
OMG! So we can’t live in Mars
as well as in earth?
No. We need space suit
or a prepared unit
contain adequate Oxygen and pressure
When we get out of the unit, we should wear space suits, to walk
on Mars. First, I have to enter a room in the middle، named pressure equalization
Its pressure is like the outside’s. Then, the main unit is closed.
Then, pressure decreases until it equals the outside. Finally, I open the unit.
Do you know, if the door opens
without preparing the equality?
Everything in side the unit would fly. They move from high to low pressure.
Getting out directly. Here, the loss
of pressure happens one time
If he doesn’t wear the suit
He’ll die in seconds. This thing we even don’t think about
We need this pressure, What to do?
Well! Oxygen can be obtained
From Dioxygen, right? Chemically I can extract it easily
Taking Oxygen from Dioxygen is difficult
and need a long time through many gradually
procedures ,This planet
I am not talking about increasing pressure in Cairo
I am talking about a planet
A whole planet that has a quarter-size of earth’s
So, this topic needs hard work, otherwise, we’ll stay on Mars forever
Any movement on Mars should be done with the suit
So, we are locked inside it, Although
there’s a prepared experiment, for sending people
to Mars, it’s planned
to arrive there in about 2026
Imagine those first travelers are going out
Would they return?
They are raveling on 1Y trip, and landing on Mars
Are we able to send them back by our limited tech?
We need a massive energy, and a platform, to go out from Mrs. The rocket
that carries out a satellite
needs about 80 % of fuel.
So, to fly against gravity, I need a very huge energy,
a launching platform and many things.
How could these things be taken to Mars? They are very heavy
The first flying experiment
to Mars is a 1Y trip.
How can we launch, land them and give them supplies to be alive?
Be alive until we contact you again!
Volunteers were asked for this experiment
Thousands of volunteers applied for the 1Y trip. Without coming back
They were tested. They were put in a row of 100 person
They were ready to travel in any time
The first 4 prepared, will travel first Then the others will be in 4 batches
One of them is Egyptian, two are Arabian from Egypt and Iraq. They were chosen
among 100 people who will travel in 1Y trip to Mars
In a very difficult environment. Completely different from ours
What we don’t know is more than what we know about it.
It has many obstacles, but this is human and the desire to know
Human develops himself constantly, and explore more things
Always he discovers the deepest secrets in the universe
So, human is motivated to know more about the unknown places, as we planned
in the first place, and achieve our goals and aims
More than ever
Do not stop your curiosity to know more. Thank you