[MUSIC]
Alright, who has more than to, how many do you have?
How many do you have?
>> 20.
>> 23? >> 20.
>> They're all in the Silicon Valley, don't just name things which are not here
[LAUGH].
Headquartered in Silicon Valley.
[CROSSTALK]
No, no, I'm just kidding, okay. Have our office in Silicon Valley.
Who has the highest? Who has more than 20, 23, more than 23?
Okay, you have 23, man. What's your Huh?
>>
[INAUDIBLE]
>> But fine if they our office in silicon valley, we'll, I'll put them down.
[LAUGH]
>>
[CROSSTALK]
>> Yeah.
I hear even the company which have had headquartered
in, in Silicon Valley for tex, tax purposes, or headquarters.
Incorporated in Del, Delaware or somewhere if they're paying tax in USA
[INAUDIBLE]
. You have 23 let me take them down
Alter, what are the alteramic? >>
[INAUDIBLE]
>> Okay how many more SPG's? >>
[INAUDIBLE]
>> What is marbel make?
[LAUGH]
Not a PTLN.
[LAUGH].
[MUSIC].
Bridgelux LED company, okay? What, what do they do, do you know?
>>
[INAUDIBLE]
>> Yeah, but what's special about >> Uh,
[INAUDIBLE].
>> Galium arsenide >>
[INAUDIBLE]
>> They make, they grow gallium nitride directly on, on silicon.
Huh?
>>
[INAUDIBLE]
>>
[UNKNOWN]
the company they're, they make gallium nitride on gallium nitride.
The CTO from
[UNKNOWN]
will come in and talk to us, Who, whe, where's?
>> Is this your company? >> Oh man
[LAUGH].
So it, it speaks for
[INAUDIBLE]
[LAUGH].
Okay, so you add 23 month to the
15. >>
[INAUDIBLE]
[MUSIC]
>> A, anybody
else? >>
[INAUDIBLE]
>> Huh? >>
[INAUDIBLE]
>> LAM. Okay.
>>
[INAUDIBLE].
>>
[INAUDIBLE]
. Who else?
>> Linear technology yes.
[INAUDIBLE]
if you like. Okay
>>
[INAUDIBLE]
>> Good.
Global foundry, the new kid on the block, it didn't use to be here.
Alright, we have 23.
Any, any more. Nobody has named any solar company so far.
>> Solar Junction. >> Solar Junction, sure.
Their founder will come and talk to us. >>
[INAUDIBLE]
>> SunPower sure.
now that started by our batch mate of professor
[UNKNOWN]
[LAUGH].
>> Oh.
[INAUDIBLE]
. Do you want to tell us what they do?
>>
[INAUDIBLE]
something that works >> They make this tool
which you can use to cut big ignerts into eight small wafers.
So they implant hydrogen and then you can remove it.
Yeah.
>> Yeah, it's a wafer. >> Yeah, it's a wafer saw kind of.
if not wafer saw, without wafer saw making ten
wafer company. Yeah.
Any, anything else?
IBM has a big lab in Almaden. >>
[INAUDIBLE]
>> Hitachi. Sure.
Another PC
[UNKNOWN]
company.
None of you have named any camera companies
[UNKNOWN].
>> Omnivision. >> Omnivision, great.
Awesome.
>> Sony? >> Sony makes cameras
>>
[INAUDIBLE]
>> Yeah, sure. Who else makes cameras for Apple?
>>
[INAUDIBLE]
>>
[INAUDIBLE]
did these two. There's another, another image sensor
company headquartered in, in the bay area. Eptimima.
Have you heard of it? Eptimima
[INAUDIBLE].
It's another. Okay.
So, good, great can you give your name please?
>> Huh? >> Chalu
>> Chalu?
>> Yeah. >> Okay, alright.
Yeah, good.
You want to get brownie points by naming the address.
>>
[LAUGH]
>>
[LAUGH]
Lets give that viewer you know, keep on schedule.
So which, which of them are located inside iPhone 5.
[UNKNOWN]
iPhone 5 came out Friday, people have
turned it down to the microprocessor level already.
you can Google chip for
[INAUDIBLE]
inside, this is, they tear these phones down and they look at all the components.
They look at the chips, and believe it or not stock prices of semiconductor
companies will up and down depending upon whether they get into iPhone or not.
so, we'll be having a guest speaker on Wednesday.
He, he, he started one of these companies
I fix it.
He goes to where he can get the first hands on an iPhone.
Typically that has been Australia.
So he goes there for every Apple launch, and then he tears it down over here.
Then there's another person from Chip Works whom he gives it to.
And then he takes it down to the chip
level, and he sees what process technology was used
>> Why in Australia? >> Australia the first,
first >> Time zone.
>> Time zone wise right, yeah.
So he, he is in Australia right now,
he'll come, come back from Australia on Wednesday.
And we'll, on this table we will open it
up and we will more closely examine all the chips.
But, so these are some photos from him.
This is photos loop class
put up on iFixit.
And you can see, most of the electronics here are located on that, that tiny PCB.
This is all battery. Right?
All the electronics is over there.
it's a twin side, double-sided PCB, so there are electronics on both sides.
Most, because you just want to save space sometimes,
so it has chips on both sides of it.
And even most laptops have twin-sided PCBs now, so if
you open up your laptop it has chips on both sides.
[COUGH]
Just to save space. It makes it very hard to repair them, but
So, let's see what's in there. Who somebody named Qualcomm.
Right? So Qualcomm
[UNKNOWN]
has a bunch of chips in there.
The you and, I mean, they're are known primary for their communication chips, but
they also have devices inside the iPhone for power management IC for other stuff.
For even on touch screen control is made by Qualcom
I mean so they, the, they realized very early that
[UNKNOWN]
was coming and then, they, it has been very good for them.
You know, more stuff, the phones that you open you will find.
Not just the communications chips, but multiple chips from Qualcomm.
So Qualcomm this says this big chip you see over here is, is the nine flash
earlier So if you open up 10 iPhones three of them would be from Hynix.
If you open all your iPhones, three of them would be from Hynix,
three of them would be from Toshiba, three of them would be Samsung.
These are all major makers of flash memory.
Samsung, because of that lawsuit, Apple doesn't buy flash chips from them anymore.
So now they are there no in iPhone5, they
are all from either Hynix or, or from Toshiba.
Right? This dialogue power management this is.
>>
[INAUDIBLE]
>> Yeah, yeah. LPR
I don't but Hynix at least yeah, yeah.
this is another Bay area based company, Dialogue SemiConductor
based in Los Altos if I'm not correct, wrong.
They make power management IC too.
this thing is actually a pretty expensive.
It's more expensive, it's, it's quite
expensive, almost equal to the microprocessor.
It's the three-access gyroscope and accelerometer.
STMicroelectronics dominates this. These are the same ones you find in
in your Wii, in your Playstation PSP.
They are, it has the you know, you know, a great chip for them.
[UNKNOWN]
another bay area company.
Alright, what's over here right, so, over here.
Let's see what's over here.
[COUGH]
None of you named actually these companies, I'm very disappointed
[LAUGH].
So these are all your outer
communication chips. So these are what bring the signals from
your outside world. You know, all your 3G,
your you know, all the analog signals and amplify them.
you might have not heard of it, but,
[UNKNOWN]
is likely headquartered in San Jose.
We named it, but it's the biggest three five semi
conductor company in the world, and not many people know it.
so you know, people say three five semi-conductor, whoever works in
three five semi conductor says they are used in cell phone.
Right? They're over here.
So these are the three companies which use them.
[UNKNOWN]
Skywards, TriQuint. TriQuint is
based out of Massachusetts. And this one is based out,
this one is based out of Massachusetts, the other one is based out of
[INAUDIBLE].
TriQuint
[UNKNOWN]
are the biggest consumer of
[UNKNOWN]
ICs in the world. And they are mainly because they make this
[UNKNOWN]
ICs which have better signal to noise performance,
and you get your signal into you're phone.
right?
So one thing you'd, you notice, no matter which side you look, this side, this
is the other side or the other side, you won't find DM.
So where the DM. >>
[INAUDIBLE].
>> Yeah. So the DM, I can, we can get to that so.
This is the, if you look this side, this is the other side.
This is the A6 microprocessor. Still made by Samsung, made by Samsung
in Austin they have a fab dedicated to making these microprocessors
for Apple in Austin. In fact now two fabs.
this is a Qualcomm LTE. This is what enables the 4G, which was
missing in iPhone 4s, new chip here. let's see
what else, two touch screen controllers one from TI and another from Broadcom.
T, somebody named TI, somebody name, named Broadcom, they are all here.
Alright?
So, the, the, the you, where are you.
If you look this side as well as if you look the other side.
But one thing you won't find is, is DRAM,
the DRAM is actually on top of your microprocessor.
So if you take out your microprocessor this is how it looks like.
So this is,
this is your microprocessor chip. So you can see three blue things there.
Right?
One is your microprocessor.
The other two which are on top are your DRAM chips.
Right? And then they're mounted on top.
And this is not ready for any performance benefit, because
there are large aisles going between your DRAM and your microprocessor.
This is mostly from a form factor reduction that you can place
it on top, and save space on your. Because both chips are
approximately the same size, and DRAM and tracks with microprocessors
[INAUDIBLE].
So this is one of the reasons why
Apple sued Samsung, but still uses their microprocessor.
Because Samsung gives them this deal where they can sell
this whole package to them, and no other company has this
can give them this sweet deal where you make the microprocessor,
put the DRAM on top and sell it as a package.
And you sell
it at, they sell it as per working device rather than per wafer.
So it's, it's, You can, they can fight as much as they want.
But they're still, Samsung is not going
away from their microprocessor any time soon.
So, this, this is one of the reason, because
this DRAM is on top of, top of this microprocessor.
And Samsung has the packaging
technology to do that. Their vertical integration helps.
You named you named OmniVision. Sony writes these microprocess cameras.
The f, the high definition one is made by Sony.
The front facing one, which used for face time is made by OmniVision.
They now bought
[INAUDIBLE]
the backside elimination, and we talk about
backside elimination when we talk about packaging.
It helps in improving your low light performance, especially
when you're in dark, fill, back-fill illumination really helps.
Aptina is another company that was a spinoff off Micron.
they were again, you know, slow to recognize that the post
PC era was coming, and they stick to front side illumination.
They were late in going to back side illumination.
So they're not, they don't have any design when
things inside the iPhone or Galaxy S3, either of
those.
[COUGH]
This is the bell of materials. so, how much does it cost to make it?
$200.
How much do they sell it for? $650.
Right?
Very healthy profit margin.
You get it for $200, because $450 are subsidize from your career.
Right?
But what is the most expensive component. Right?
The most expensive component
in the list is actually the display. And display they have in this iPhone
5, they have integrated touch screen and display into one single thing.
We will discuss again in the lecture on display or that.
The next most expensive component is, is the air communication IC.
They are 4G and LTE, and all that
other communication chips, they cost 3, 34 bucks.
Right?
you're mems comes down here.
It's again a very expensive component, 33 bucks.
Microprocessor, it used to rule the world in 2000,
it actually is a pretty cheap thing, 17 bucks.
A6 processor.
So you see microprocessor losing its relevance.
Right? It's becoming a commodity.
You can buy it for 17 bucks.
Less than 10% of the bill of materials. if you buy a PC, microprocessor
is 33% of your bill of materials, or more than 1 3rd of your bill of materials.
any questions on this?
I was going on ranting about it but, you know
[LAUGH]
. >>
[INAUDIBLE]
>> Yeah.
So, we will discuss about how much Intel sells its microprocessors for.
>>
[INAUDIBLE]
>>
[INAUDIBLE].
>> In what?
>> when you talk about PC. >>No, PC has microprocessor for $100.
>> Yeah, right, So you're only talking about, you're not going to display
[INAUDIBLE]
. >>For the laptop.
For your laptop, your microprocessor is $100.
Alright. >> So it's 33%
>>
[INAUDIBLE].
>> Yeah.
[INAUDIBLE]
for a laptop is, around $300 for a laptop like this.
Microprocessors is, is 33%.
[INAUDIBLE],
less than 8% for iPhone 4, iPhone 5. Right?