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Hi and welcome to Anatomy and Physiology I tutor short: the nervous system.
Given by your tutors Laura Heck and Kim Reylander.
First we will go over the neuron. Here you can see the nucleus and nucleolus, the mitochondria, the Golgi, all within the cell body.
This part is known as the axon hillock and here you have the axon.
Focusing in on the axon you can see that the axon is covered in this yellow stuff known as the myelin sheath.
In between the areas of myelin sheath, you have your nodes of ranvier
The axon is what carries the action potential.
The action potential is carried all the way down to the axon terminals which you can see here.
The axon terminal is attached to the dendrites of the next cell body and this is how messages are carried.
Here you can see a cross-section of the spinal cord.
You can see the white matter and the gray matter. White matter consists of the
dorsal column, the lateral column, and ventral column.
There's also an anterior commissure located here.
You have your grey matter which includes the dorsal grey horn, the lateral grey horn and the ventral grey horn.
And that is connected by the grey commissure. In the center, number 9 is pointing to the central canal.
You have your ventral median fissure located here and you're dorsal median sulcus here.
The ventral root located here is what carries your motor nerves from you spinal cord
to the selected muscle that you would like to move.
If you sense something hot with your hand, that sensation travels up through your arm and
into the dorsal root located here. The bodies for those nerves are located here in the dorsal root ganglion.
This is a lateral view of the brain.
The "B" is known as Broca's area. If you have issues in Broca's area,
you suffer from expressive aphasia. The "W" is Wernicke's area.
if you have a lesion in Wernicke's area you suffer from receptive aphasia.
You can also see in this view the primary motor cortex located here which is also known as the precentral gyrus
Here you have your central sulcus which is followed by the primary somatosensory gyrus
It is also known as the post central gyrus.
Other areas of note are the auditory area located here and the cerebellum located here.
In this view you can see the central sulcus located here.
Again the precentral gyrus and the postcentral gyrus.
You have your frontal lobe up here and your occiptal lobe back here.
This is the right hemisphere of the brain and this is the left.
This is a lateral view of the brain again the central sulcus, precentral gyrus, the post central gyrus,
the frontal lobe, the occipital and temporal lobe, the cerebellum, Broca's area.
keys area is opposed to your view of the brain in this new you can see the
transverse feature
view of the last hemisphere of the brain here you can see the parietal occipital
sulcus you can also see the corpus callosum located here
disconnects the left and right hemispheres of the brain you can feel a
lateral ventricle all the four neck the past year comment sure and the anterior
commissure you can see the found the hyper found the pituitary gland and you
can see the left member Larry body you can also see the choroid plexus you can
see the third ventricle
and aqueducts of the midbrain which leads to the fourth ventricle here's the
cerebellum note the arbor vitae here we have the corp aura Quadrajet mana the
superior portion is known as the superior colliculus I and the inferior
portion is known as the inferior colliculus here we have the midbrain the
pawns in the medulla oblongata here is a view showing the cranial nerve coming
from their origin cranium there one also known as the olfactory honor its sensory
function is smell it has no motor function you have cranial nerves to
which is your optic nerve its sensory function is vision and it has no motor
function this is the left optic nerve and this is the last optic tract
starting in the occipital lobe the optic tracts come down and crossover
crash at the optic chiasm here's cranial nerve 3 which is known as the oculomotor
nerve the oculomotor nerve has no sensory function it controls the
extraocular movements of the eye
serious cranial nerve for which is known as the trochlear nerve and has no
sensory function and it does have motor function
cranial near 5 also known as the trigeminal there it has sensory function
for general sensation of the face and it has motor function as well its branches
into three divisions the ophthalmic division the maxillary division and the
mandibular division here is cranial nerve six also known as the abducens
nerve it has no sensory function and it does have motor function it controls the
lateral rectus muscle of the I here's cranial nerves 7 also known as the face
on there it has a sensory function which is taped and it has motor function as
well
motor function controls your facial expression
here's cranial nerve 8 also known as the vestibular cochlear nerve sensory
function is hearing and it also controls balance here is cranial nerve nine also
known as the class of French film there its sensory function is taste and it
also has some motor function here is cranial nerve 10 also known as the vagus
nerve sensory function is taped and it also has motor function here is cranial
nerve 11 also known as the accessory nerve it does not have any sensory
function but it does have motor function it innovates the sternocleidomastoid
muscle in the trapezius muscle here is cranium their 12 also known as the
hypoglossal nerve that controls your tongue movement that contribute to
swallowing and speech in watching to view these models or if you have any
questions please come to sh 150 in the Educational Support Services Center