Welcome to today's lecture in introduction to manufacturing. Today's topic is robotics when talking about
manufacturing I would be remiss not to mention that robotics is a big part of
doing what we're doing in manufacturing robotics takes the labor out of it takes
the puts in a robot or a machine to do labor work usually when it's
something as repetitive something that it's in a very unpleasant place to be so
to to understand robotics will go over some terms we are going talk about a lot of
safety today and our introduction to robotics you have to start with only a
definition of robotics definition is a multifunctional piece of equipment that
is programmed to perform task with great acuity that means that I can do it over
and over and over very precise without without a lot of trouble they can do it
over and over without without having to stop and do very precise
each time
Robotics can be used to move a variety of parts tools materials, etc. through
a several specific motions that they can be programmed and they can do
that repetitive over and over and over
robots are usually used to perform tasks that are unsafe or located in a hazardous location
they're very highly repetitive which means that they have to do it one hundred times an hour
instead of having a human out there doing that a robot can do that and keep them
safe or maybe they're just not a very unpleasant location very dusty, hot, cold
however case may be robots don't mind those those unpleasant locations
robots have many different functions such as material handling assembly of
products and sub-assemblies welding perfect example of an unpleasant
location as well as doing one over and over and over
spraying applications whether it's paint or other type of spraying application
spraying item and then machine loading and unloading functions continued on robotic
terms you have robots typically are mostly times are there six axis robots
which means they have six joints each one has a pivot point for movement that
means that kinda like are on your arms only have a few pivot points robots have
a few more so that they can make sure they they they can do the job at asked
and that they have components that are such as called the trunk, the shoulder,
the upper arm, the elbow, the forearm, and the wrist and even the base and those are
very similar meaning you can assume the upper arm is kinda similar our upper arm
the elbow is similar to our elbow and then the wrist it's the
same thing so when you hear the term are articulated robot you know that it has
joints usually the Six axis joint type and those names from there the base is a
stationary platform which the robot is mounted robots are typically asked or
required to pick up heavy loads in moving from one place to another so in
order to do that you have to have been on a firm foundation or a very good base
in order to do that so the base probably needs to be mounted to the ground and
attached a little bit as you can see that the there's a video that's attached
to this kind of an elementary robot but it kind of gets the point across
you see there that the the the robot has a pretty decent sized base and for it to
do its work on it so you can see it
the end-effector which is the device at the end of the robot on that actually
does the work it's actually the one that center actually environment on the video
that's attached it has a little gripper the gripper is used for grasping and
holding attached to the free and other arm and it's you know it's a type of an
effective there are some other ones maybe a welder at the end of it then
there may be a hook or anything else at that you may want to do
end of it the term joint as you know we've talked about it before the joint
in connection with one segment of articulated robot to the next which is
also segment to the base is a pivotal point of the of a segment in payload and
maximum payload is the amount of weight carried by the robot manipulator and
reduce speed while maintaining a rated precision payload is like we talked
about hydraulics pneumatics the the maximum load of the system such a
hydraulic system and you may say what's the maximum load it's you know it's a
300 psi system same thing goes for the robot what is the payload of the robot was a two
thousand-pound it's a one-ton unit means that that's the smallest mechanism
rated mechanism that robot is is one ton you wouldn't want to or it can't pick up any
more probably could but should be worried about breaking a piece and the safety
factors built in those kind of things so understand that what a payload is when
it comes to robot so when you are dealing with robots, robots can be the cause of a lot
injury so you wanna make sure that that you understand robotic safety most robotic
accidents and injuries occurred during programming and test runs because people
are freely moving within and out of the robot why their programming it to make
it to get it do what it's supposed to do your fine tuning and trying to dial it in
and sometimes carelessness or just human error gets in the way people get hurt
it also happens during tool change and set up and inspection of work. People usually kinda
getting in the area kinda getting in the way the robot doesn't really know you're
there and therefore it is doing his job and therefore injury can happen because
it is doing his job doesn't but it does know you're there
robotic accidents and injuries can be caused by human error which is the
number one case if you know you know they're always doing he knows what he's
doing but it's your place to get out of the way because he doesn't know that you're there or
the robot doesn't know that you are there. Mechanical hazard yes mechanical things are gonna
break is going to have their gonna have problems maybe a power source problem
with whether its electrical hydraulic pneumatic
those type things get it can give you a problem and then of course environmental
hazards maybe there's too much heat too much dust - one of those things can cause
a robot's to have accidents causing the video test video talks about the work
envelope there are three different types of work envelope you have the maximum
work envelope with which is a total area in which the robots capable of reaching out
and getting you reaching out touching I should say what it's fully with all the
end effectors everything else fully extended is its maximum envelope there are
restricted envelope is the area in which the robot is capable of moving with the
installation of hardware and software then you have the operating envelope
which is the envelope in which the robot doing its daily chores or daily task is
going to be doing not within its restricted or outside of its
maximum just right there in front of it what is it doing something should
happen so it's very important know the three different work environments and I
always have you an exit route because just because it's working at work environment and
you're and in its restricted envelope, something could happen or it's maximum envelope
something you could break and it could go haywire causing injuries more
hazards on dealing with robotics mechanical hazards such as pinch points
a robot movements you wanna be out of the way of those you wanna make sure
you're not you're not pinched or trapped power source electrical robot motor
breaks and then others are as hydraulic pneumatic even a water type source
sometimes can be used for water for robots then there's an environmental
hazards robots can release parts so you never want to be underneath one of those
robots can have sharp objects and/or moving sharp objects then of course the
cables hydraulic cable and the pneumatic cables whatever hoses and tubings
whatever the case may be
cost slipping and tripping hazards and then if there's any spills make sure you
clean those up right away and then of course distractions lot of times robots
or gee whiz you walk in an area, wow look at that! That's pretty neat, pretty cool, and then BAM that
robot has reached out and
and touched you and it hurts pretty bad sometimes environmental you know you're
working in noisy situation manufacturing the atmospheres are not quiet in most
cases and of course you have to pay attention of course also keeping when
you're dealing with robots being around robots sometimes you have to take your external
world set it aside for a second so I can do my job and do it and then come back
to what I'm doing better relax a little bit and kind of keep in mind what you
doing so there's a few robotic safety devices that can help a physical safety
barrier gates or fences can be used to keep humans out of that area emergency
stops in a lot operator completely shut down the power to the robot in case of
an emergency
interlocks--interlocks are used to sense that the robot has satisfied the
required conditions and can go back to the work sequence so that if something
should happen such as an emergency work stopped button has been hit in order for it
to come back on the the operator and the robot have both has determined that
everything has been has met its conditions the interlock is engaged and
therefore, the robot go back to doing what its work sometimes those interlocks
have to be done when light curtains are broke light curtains are infrared beams
that communicate with transmitters to stop movement of the robot when they sense movement. They are kind of like the James Bond or
mission impossible things you see when people try to break in and steal the the
crystal globe at the end of the hall when the light beams are broke the
equipment shuts down so that it doesn't doesn't affect anybody safety mats are
positioned around the robot so that if for some reason something or somebody
should walk up to it it senses the weight and it automatically shuts the robot down so that it
doesn't reach out and touch someone unexpectedly. Other indicators are
visual indicators audio indicators and motion sensors if it detects motion in
the area they automatically shut down and a lot of cases in very highly
mechanized manufacturing locations are going to use a series of several of them
you may have a safety mat motion sensor definitely emergency spots
stops physical safety barriers and interlocks. All those provide extra safety in case one of
those should fail from doing his job so that that kind of what will happen the
case but keep in mind robotic safety accidents are inevitable are are not inevitable
I should say and can be
avoided mainly like you mentioned earlier there are human errors so if you
keep engaged in what you're doing
understand what's going on know what that robot can and can't do understand that
the the the hazards that are there, you're going to be safe.
The person most responsible for you for the safety for yourself is you. Whether
you're working on the robot or just driving on the road if you are driving on the roads
who's most responsible for your safety while you're in your car you are so keep
that in mind doesn't matter you know what if you're in our environmental
setting with robots and environmental setting in your car driving on the road
this into your ac/dc tunes still the most person responsible yourself so keep
that in mind
remember these safety guidelines always comply with safety procedures of the
company maybe it's OSHA maybe just standard operating procedures but make
sure you know what they are and comply with them be familiar with the robotic
actions never take chances I'm running a real quick while robots in this out I
know about to go, know that something bad is gonna happen just don't do it
injuries and accidents aren't worth that much
stay focused on safety stay focused! As we mentioned earlier sometimes put your
what's going on in your mind was going on at the house at home or in person
life,
put those aside so you can stay focused while you are dealing with robots and then also
always plan escape route if you're inside one of those work envelopes, always
know that ok, I need a way out of this if something should happen so know and
plan accordingly so check out the video on the on the different types of working
envelopes. The information we've covered today's enough to get you through your
your quiz at the end and good luck!