SHARMINI PERIES: It's The Real News Network.
I'm Sharmini Peries coming to you from Baltimore.
On Wednesday, Venezuela's National Electoral Council announced that the next presidential
elections will be held on April 22nd.
International mediators and government representatives had hoped that the opposition negotiators
would sign an agreement that the two side had worked out over the past several months.
However, despite pressure from Spain's former Prime Minister Zapatero, opposition negotiators
have so far not signed the agreement, nor committed to participating in the next presidential
election.
Earlier this week, I spoke to the Venezuelan Embassy's charge d'affaires in Washington,
D.C., Carlos Ron, who joined me in our Baltimore studios.
One of the topics we talked about was the upcoming presidential election in Venezuela.
For full disclosure, I must say once again that Carlos and I used to work for President
Chavez at Miraflores in Caracas.
Thank you.
CARLOS RON: My pleasure.
SHARMINI PERIES: Carlos, one very big issue that is outstanding at this point is the issue
of whether the opposition will participate in the upcoming election.
Give us a sense of what the issues are about the opposition participating in the elections.
CARLOS RON: We've seen the perception is that there's sectors of the opposition that are
not interested in participating.
Last year, we had three electoral processes for the Constituent Assembly, for the governors
and for municipal elections.
And the results were kind of surprising for them, in the sense that they realized that
they lost a lot of support in some of these elections.
We think that it is really the result of people upset at their leadership, the opposition
leadership, because for half of last year, it took them towards all these violent protests
where they tried to create chaos in the country.
At the end of the day, their own base was also angry at this strategy, and it showed
by them not supporting some of these political parties.
So,I think that now they face the challenge of not having support because their own base
is upset about the violence and the possibility of not having enough support to win a presidential
challenge.
SHARMINI PERIES: Now, some people in the opposition are saying, "The election has been advanced.”
Normally it would be taking place late in the year and it has been advanced because
it is in the benefit of the ruling party.
Because of oil prices are up, it's doing better than it did in the past in terms of the economy.
Of course, the opposition is in disarray and doesn't have a clear leader chosen to run
against the ruling party of Maduro.
So, these are mechanisms or tactics to manipulate the upcoming election.
Would you agree with that?
CARLOS RON: No, I think even if we go over the issues of the oil prices, for you to actually
feel the new result of higher prices, you need to let a few months go down the road,
because the payments are done over a set period of time.
It's not something immediate.
That argument, I think, falls apart.
The other issue that there might be some truth to what you said that they are in disarray,
they really don't have a united front because they don't really know what to do.
Some of them, there's groups of opposition leaders that are here in the United States
that have claimed there is no need to go to elections, there's no way, the only way to
get rid of President Maduro would be through a coup or something violent to that effect.
They are not really committed to participating in the democratic process.
Look, at the end of the day, last year, for the last two years even, the one thing that
they've always been calling for is presidential elections.
They wanted those elections to be held earlier.
They wanted those elections to be held immediately at some point in time.
It's surprising that now that they see that their perspectives of winning are so gloomy,
now they decided that they don't want to participate, or part of them decided they don't want to
participate.
It is important, though, to know that part of the opposition is signing up, it has a
percent of candidates already.
Acción Democrática, who has been almost you could say the antagonist party to Chavismo,
even before President Chávez was elected, is participating.
It's presenting a candidate.
Dissidents from Chavismo have presented candidates.
For example, Henri Falcón is also aspiring to be a presidential candidate.
There is an opposition that wants to go to elections.
There's just a group that took the violent strategy last year.
That's the one that's trying to pull off.
SHARMINI PERIES: What about the candidates who have been barred from participating in
the process?
CARLOS RON: There is different reasons for some of these people to not be in the process.
Again, there is usually, politicians that have somehow been accused of or have trials.
For example, Leopoldo López is one of those who has a conviction.
He may not be able to participate and others to that effect, people that are being charged
with corruption.
Other countries do the same thing.
There's always rules about who is able to participate, especially if they have accusations
of corruption during some of their tenures.
Again, these people that are barred are not necessarily running candidates.
They're people that are politicians in Venezuela and not necessarily the ones running for this
election in particular.
Others are.
Others are able to run, so there's a lot of, there's a whole array of opposition leaders
who could very well come out and dispute the elections.
SHARMINI PERIES: Rex Tillerson, the secretary of state, has already stated that they would
not recognize this election, even before the election had taken place or whether he knew
who the candidates were.
What is the purpose in doing that?
I know this is perhaps a question to the US government, but they are going around Latin
America trying to get more countries to not recognize this presidential election.
As far as you know, why is this taking place and is Tillerson successful in mustering support
for the opposition?
CARLOS RON: I think it's important to point out that this is very troublesome for Venezuelans,
because first of all, it's a violation of international law.
The right of self-determination is violated when you have another government basically
say that, "Whatever you do, whatever the result of your elections are, we're not going to
recognize them."
It's already infringing upon Venezuela's rights, but also it does reveal that the intention
seems to be regime change in Venezuela, whatever the costs are.
During his, like you said, his trip to, right before he left the United States, actually,
he gave a speech in Austin where he said, in a way that reminded us a lot about President
Bush, when he said, "Either you're with us or you're with the terrorists," Secretary
Tillerson says, "Either you're with democracies and the United States or you're with Maduro,"
so, putting Venezuela into that perspective, which points at what has happened to other
countries in the same way.
It's what happened in Libya, what happened in Syria, what happened in Iraq.
It seems like there's a willingness to exert some sort of regime change in Venezuela and
not to recognize any of our institutions.
REX TILLERSON: Well, President Maduro could choose to just leave.
I mean, that would – (laughter).
That’d be the easiest.
We have not advocated for regime change or removal of President Maduro; rather, we have
advocated that they return to the constitution.
We do not recognize the constituent assembly as legitimate, and they need to get back to
the constitution and follow the constitution.
I think there will be a change.
We want it to be a peaceful change.
In the history of Venezuela, and in fact, the history of other Latin American, South
American countries, oftentimes it's the military that handles that.
When things are so bad that the military leadership realizes they just can't serve the citizens
anymore, they will manage a peaceful transition.
Whether that will be the case here or not, I do not know.
If he is not re-elected by the people, so be it.
If the kitchen gets a little too hot for him, I'm sure that he's got some friends over in
Cuba that could give him a nice hacienda on the beach, and he can have a nice life over
there.
SHARMINI PERIES: All right, Carlos.
Tell us what this moment was about and what does it resonate in terms of the history of
Venezuela and Latin American relations?
CARLOS RON: Well, it's very telling that there is an option under consideration that has
to do with regime change, when you basically do an open invitation for anybody in the Venezuelan
military to take an action that has been taken before in Latin America, and overthrow the
government.
We have a horrible history in our continent, in Chile, Guatemala, and Brazil, and Uruguay,
all these coups.
And even more recently what happened in Brazil, and Honduras, and Paraguay, ways that people
in the military have affected democracy and tried to overthrow the government.
At the end of the day, it just seems that there is an intent of not recognizing, of
not letting the people of Venezuela choose.
If there was to be any electoral process, they wouldn't let the Venezuelan people vote
for President Maduro, for Chavismo to continue because they already set their minds that
that's not what they want.
SHARMINI PERIES: Carlos, there's a lot of hype in the Western media about how the government
of President Maduro is not going to allow certain opposition candidates to participate
in this election.
Therefore, it's seriously impeding the democratic process from taking place.
Is that so, and what is your take on it?
CARLOS RON: Like I said before, there are very important parties from the opposition,
very representative, very numerous in their base, who have already been presenting candidates,
and they're taking part in the process.
However, there's a few groups that were somehow tied to the violence of last year.
Their tragedy is not that the president or the government's not letting them participate.
Actually, their base is not backing them up in order to do that.
Under Venezuelan electoral law, a party that has not participated in a national process
needs to renew, revalidate its membership because it skipped the process, basically.
That was being asked, for example, for Primero Justicia.
The tragedy for Primero Justicia is that they went out and asked people to validate their
membership, to come out and vote for them, and... that they were members of the party.
Indeed, they didn't gather enough signatures to do that.
You could tell.
You could see why, because once you've offered before violence as your strategy, and then
you want your base to come back and try elections, there's obviously a trauma there about their
own base.
It's their own fault.
By the way, that's not something that happens only in Venezuela.
The revalidation of parties is something that even here in the United States.
If you go to the FEC, you see that parties that don't have the sufficient votes in certain
elections to sustain their status as a qualified party are also required sometimes to come
out and gather signatures of the membership.
This is part of a normal process that takes place in any democracy.
The problem is not that the government's not allowing them to participate.
The problem is that their base is not convinced that they want to support them to participate.
SHARMINI PERIES: Carlos, many analysts are saying the current situation in Venezuela
is at such a crisis point, in terms of inflation, in terms of goods and services, people being
able to just live, it's so difficult that if the opposition would participate in this
election, they would actually win.
Give us a sense of why the exchange rates in Venezuela, there are many, are so complicated,
and why there's such a vibrant black market, which is creating such a crisis and havoc
in the country.
CARLOS RON: So, there's several factors to this and it's complicated to put it in a brief
period of time, but let me tell you.
The first thing, the exchange rate is being simplified.
That was one of the measures that was taken last week in order to ease that problem.
But this is a historical measure that has taken place in order to prevent capital flight.
We know that most of countries in Latin America that have had progressive leadership at some
point have faced the threat of capital flight, and that was the reason that this had to be
implemented in the first place.
Then some people found a way also to make profit off the exchange rate, and you have
even a website like Dolar Today, which is run from outside of the country, inducing
inflation by presenting an altered exchange rate that has no basis in actual economic
transactions but just it's a way of sabotaging the economy.
Some of those issues is part of the war, the economic war that we've been facing and trying
to get rid of it.
At the end of the day, I think it's important to realize that the Venezuelan people have
been resisting this historically, and that even then, last year when we had three electoral
processes from July on, there was a lot of conviction from many Venezuelans who came
out and supported...
President Maduro and President Maduro's party.
That shows that people understand that we're being victims, we're all, Venezuelans, being
victims of this economic war and that there's a need to support the government to be able
to move forward and find other solutions.
SHARMINI PERIES: Okay, Carlos.
I thank you so much for joining us today.
CARLOS RON: Thank you.
SHARMINI PERIES: We'll be following this upcoming election, and we hope you join us again here.
CARLOS RON: Sure.
Thank you.
SHARMINI PERIES: Thank you for joining us here on The Real News Network.