hi this is dr. O and in this video we're going to start talking about the maxillary artery we'll
focus in on the pterygoid part here but we'll pick up on other portions of it in future videos we'll
focus here on the major branches that supply the muscles of mastication the meninges and the TMJ
so what is that maxillary artery it is one of the terminal branches of the external
carotid artery we see as external carotid artery courses up in the neck
it gives off its final two more medial and anterior we see that maxillary artery
superficial temporal artery will stay superficial and core superior over the
temporal fossa and the temporalis muscle now the maxillary artery has 15 or more branches
depending on where each of the branches comes off some can come directly some off of others
depending on the person but lots of branches is the big takeaway here so we're going to
break it down into three parts and we break it down by the lateral pterygoid muscle so you can
see that the lateral pterygoid muscle will divide into a first part a second part and
a third part we're going to focus on mostly on the second part here called the pterygoid
part because that's where the branch is to the muscles of mastication will come from
you
let's take a look at a donor will find the external carotid artery terminates
in two superficial temporal artery and the maxillary artery this muscle around
this area is the lateral pterygoid muscle so the portion that we can see most of in
this region is the second or the pterygoid part of the maxillary artery the third part
is after the border of the lateral pterygoid muscle but most of its branches are given off
in the tear go palatine fossa so he'll talk about that one with dr. B in the last session
let's start here with the first part are the mandibular part of the maxillary artery and we can
see a few branches going to the meninges so the ordering of branches won't necessarily be constant
there's a lot of variation between different people and so this is sort of a schematic to show
you where things are going but you want to follow them to know for certain so we see the first one
here is the middle meningeal artery passing up through foramen spinosum to enter into the cranial
cavity there's often an accessory meningeal artery that will course through foramen ovale with v3 and
lesser petrosal nerve in terms of the second part now this is where we see the muscular branches so
the masseteric artery often we'll see cut because that masseter has to be removed along with the
mandible to see these deeper structures so we see that coming onto the second also these anterior
deep temporal and posterior temporal arteries you always are going to find the vasculature and
neurovascular to the temporalis muscle coursing superiorly deep to the temporalis muscle well
often see a pterygoid branch to the pterygoid muscles coming directly off of the posterior
beep temporal artery but you may see it come from other sources as well and not labeled
here but what do you think this last branch would be that's going to be our buccal artery all right
then that third part we see many branches mostly after the tear go
maxillary fissure which is what we see represented as a tear shape along here
let's look at these in a donor and this donor does not have an accessory meningeal artery
so there you go for variation but we do see a middle meningeal running right up there the cut
masseteric artery and we see multiple branches to pterygoid muscles so the pterygoid branch is
one coming off of this posterior deep temporal one coming directly off of the main trunk of
the second part here we see a nice anterior deep temporal you'll see these paths deep
and superior to get to temporalis muscle and then again not labeled but you can follow this
one here runs right along with this nerve and that's the buccal artery and the buccal nerve
this is just to show you because we had removed the auricular temporal nerve in
the last image and just wanted to remind you of the relationship between auricular
temporal nerve and the middle meningeal artery as it passes toward foramen spinosum
let's take a look at these branches there's a lot of it I'm kind of externally we find
that superficial temporal artery and running posterior to the mandible is
the maxillary artery and then many of the ranches we're seeing here are direct
branches of the maxillary artery going toward following a lot of these branches we saw a b3
before going toward the mandible lead to the mandible and supplying the muscles in the area
so we'll pick up and talk more about maxillary artery and all of its branches at least of the
first and second part in the next session again we'll start here by trying to make sure we know
the ones that go to the meninges the TMJ and the muscles of mastication alright so here is
our question for this one so which part of the maxillary artery has branches the parallel the
branches from the anterior division of cranial nerve v3 or the mandibular nerve is it the
first part the second part or the third part of maxillary artery take a second to think about it
and when you're ready what did you say I hear you all saying back to me that you think it
is the second part so the second part of the maxillary artery gives off the same branches
as the anterior division of v3 so we'll remember we have a masseteric branch we have deep temporal
branches pterygoid branches and then buckle running around here and that's what we saw here as
well I'm esoteric branch pterygoid branches deep temporal branches and buckle so if it helps you
to kind of limp those two together in your mind they're also going to parallel each other to their
targets now this is everything for this video and for this session please feel free to reach
out with any questions you may have and enjoy the rest of your day I'll see you in the next session