These are boom times for America’s Liquified Natural Gas industry.
Right now, producers can’t fill LNG carriers quickly enough for the export
markets of Europe and Asia. We're cooling it, cleaning it and
liquefying it so that it can be stored and transported across the world.
We have a very large arbitrage between Europe, Asia and the US. 10 dollars US gas, you know,
60 to 80 dollars international gas, that's a lot of money.
If anybody would have told any of us up to very recently that we would see these levels
of prices and this amount of tightness in the market, we would have shrugged that off.
Although not everyone’s happy about this sudden rise in global demand for American LNG.
They're driving up the price of what it costs us to heat and cool our homes, because they want to
take the natural gas and ship it overseas and make 10 times as much as they could
selling natural gas in the United States. America’s exports of LNG have risen dramatically
in recent years and last December, it became the world’s biggest exporter
of this super chilled fuel for the first time, topping Australia and Qatar.
That’s despite a sharp drop in demand during the pandemic, which cast doubt on future investment
in America’s LNG industry, especially as government efforts to combat climate change
seemed to dim the outlook for fossil fuels. We can and we will deal with climate change.
It’s not only a crisis, it’s an enormous opportunity,
an opportunity for America to lead the world in clean energy.
Yet this year’s energy crisis, exacerbated by Russia’s invasion of Ukraine,
has spurred a dramatic turnaround, and output, measured in billions of cubic feet per day,
or bcf, is once again climbing. I can remember back in 2008, production was
at 55 bcf. Today, it's at 97.5, by the end of the year it'll be 100 bcf, next year it'll be 105. And
we grow from there. The gas is very much there and available, if we can get it to the seashores.
The Gulf Coast around the Texas - Louisiana border is the heart of
America’s LNG export industry. The enormous Sabine Pass facility,
where natural gas is processed into LNG, ready for shipping, is just one of several near here.
Its owned by Cheniere, the nation’s largest LNG exporter.
We use a process that makes it sweet, dry, clean, lean and cold. So sweet,
we remove the acids, any CO2 or H2S. Dry, then we remove any moisture. Clean, we remove any
mercury that can potentially contaminate the downstream products. Then we make it lean,
we remove heavy hydrocarbons and finally cool it down, so it's liquid at atmospheric pressure.
The natural gas is transformed into liquid by chilling it to a temperature
of about minus 162 degrees celcius. The LNG created occupies just 1/600th of the
volume of natural gas, a huge advantage when it comes to transportation
Most of Cheniere’s output is contracted to its customers, utilities, energy traders and oil
majors, for the next decade plus. Those providers will route ships
to the areas of highest demand. We saw that in Asia in the back half of last
decade, Latin America a little over a year ago when it had extreme droughts. And now of course,
as Europe has become the way we refer to it as ‘the market of most need’.
Reflecting a broader trend across the US LNG industry, over 70 per cent of the volume produced
at Cheniere’s facilities this year has gone to Europe, about twice last year’s level.
With output currently near maximum, a wave of approvals to build more LNG
facilities like this one have been granted. But for some,
in a region that faces the annual threat of hurricanes, that’s a real concern.
We currently have three LNG facilities here that export the natural gas in southwest Louisiana,
and they have plans to put seven more. Really just insanity to try to place these facilities directly
in the eyes of storms that keep coming. At this press conference they’re calling
for a halt to the LNG expansion needed to satisfy global demand,
and not just because of the hurricane risk. Though a former oil industry worker himself,
James Hiatt believes LNG’s contribution to global warming is being ignored.
I really feel for the Europeans. deeply, you know? I think what the best option would be is to really
invest in a transition in solar and wind. And yes, it's not the perfect solution today, but
it will cut the dependency and the need for such a huge amount of gas. We will have to transition at
some point. Why are we delaying it except for the profit margins of these companies?
Natural gas consists largely of methane, a potent greenhouse gas.
But when it comes to emissions, advocates argue LNG is the cleanest fossil fuel, as it produces
40 per cent less carbon dioxide than coal when it’s burned, and 30% less than oil.
It emits negligible amounts of sulphur, mercury and particulates.
Cheniere says its introduction of greenhouse gas emissions data for each of its LNG cargoes
is evidence of the company’s enhanced environmental transparency.
We are going to continue to be secure, affordable, reliable, and have the leg to the stool that is
our climate commitment that we think will ensure natural gas's role in the energy
transition for decades and decades. President Biden certainly seems convinced.
In March he promised to ramp up LNG exports to Europe, arguing increased
energy security for allies is compatible with his ambitious net zero climate goals.
That long-term commitment is vital for companies like Cheniere, whose
multi-billion dollar facilities typically require up to 20 years of guaranteed
contracts to see a return on investment. And, though Europe is the priority market now,
the future of American LNG may well be tied to another continent entirely.
Europe has 12 per cent of its energy needs met by coal. Asia has 46 per cent of its energy
needs met by coal. So over the longer term, all of that coal is up for transition and
the US very much has a role to play. For campaigners like James Hiatt though,
a transition to LNG is no solution at all. We're just delaying the inevitable. We
will run out of fossil fuels. Environmental campaigners may want
the dependency on gas reduced immediately but that’s not happening this year.
American LNG has helped alleviate massive disruption to Europe’s gas supply and if exporters
are right, tankers like this will be sailing to global markets for many decades to come.