>>>
>>> THE
>>> THE MOST PREFERRED SEGMENT HAS THE HIGHEST FAT CONTENT
FOLLOWED BY SOCKEYE AND USUALLY
COHO AND THOSE ARE NOT
PARTICULARLY POPULAR FOR PEOPLE
IN THE NORTHWEST TO EAT BUT ARE
EATEN IN A LOT OF THE WORLD.
>> CHINOOK AND KING ARE THE
SAME?
SAME?
SAME? >>
SAME? >> THEY ARE.
>> ARE THERE CERTAIN VARIETIES
THAT WE SHOULD BE AVOIDING AS
HUMANS?
HUMANS?
HUMANS? >> AND ALL DEPENDS ON FOR WHAT?
FOR HEALTH REASONS.
>> NOT FOR HELP BEFORE THEIR
SUSTAINABILITY OR FOR OTHER
FOOD SUPPLIES FOR POPULATIONS
LIKE THE ORCAS?
>> AMERICAN FISHERIES ARE WELL
MANAGED AND SUSTAINABLY MANAGED
SO THE ONLY REASON SOMEBODY
MIGHT SAY I SHOULDN'T EAT
CHINOOK SALMON IS BECAUSE ORCAS
ALSO EAT CHINOOK SALMON AND
THERE IS A LOT OF CONCERN THAT
ORC'S ARE NOT DOING WELL.
SOME OF THE EXPLANATIONS ARE
DECLINES IN THE ABUNDANCE OF
CHINOOK SALMON.
CHINOOK SALMON. BUT, TO ISSUES ONE IF YOU DON'T
EAT CHINOOK SALMON, SOMEONE
ELSE IS GOING TO.
EVERYBODY IN SEATTLE COULD STOP
EATING CHINOOK SALMON AND IT
WOULDN'T CHANGE HOW MANY ARE
CAUGHT.
CAUGHT.
CAUGHT. THEY WOULD SIMPLY GO TO OTHER
MARKETS.
MARKETS.
MARKETS. NOT EATING THEM IS A CHOICE TO
SAVE ORCAS IS A PERSONAL FEEL
GOOD BUT IT IS NOT GOING TO
CHANGE THE SITUATION.
>> YOU MENTIONED WELL-MANAGED
FISHERIES.
FISHERIES. TELL US MORE ABOUT THAT AND IS
THERE ANY WAY FOR ME AS A
CONSUMER TO AFFECT THAT ARE
KNOW THAT OR SUPPORT THAT?
>> WELL IT IS DONE BY
GOVERNMENTS AND IN WASHINGTON
THERE IS ALSO COAT MANAGEMENT
OF SOME OF THE SALMON WITH THE
INDIAN TRIBES AND THE TRACK
RECORD IS GENERALLY GOOD.
THERE IS VERY LITTLE
OVERFISHING.
OVERFISHING. THE SALMON ARE NOT IN GOOD
SHAPE BUT IT IS NOT NOW REALLY
BECAUSE OF THE HARVESTING.
IT IS BECAUSE OF THE HISTORICAL
LOSS OF HABITAT, DAMAS BUT ALSO
OCEAN CONDITIONS THAT THINGS
HAVE JUST GOTTEN WORSE FOR
LOWER 48 SALMON.
SINCE THE LATE 1970S AND OTHER
THAN CLIMATE CHANGE ISSUES,
THERE IS NOTHING THAT WE CAN DO
ABOUT IT.
ABOUT IT.
ABOUT IT. >> HOW DOES THE ENVIRONMENTAL
IMPACTS OF PRODUCING FISH
COMPARED TO PRODUCING OTHER
KINDS OF MEAT CATTLE AND
WHATNOT.
WHATNOT.
WHATNOT. >> I AM GLAD YOU ARE ASKING ME
THAT.
THAT.
THAT. IN
THAT. IN GENERAL FISH LOOK VERY GOOD
COMPARED TO ALMOST ANY KIND OF
LIVESTOCK.
LIVESTOCK. IN TERMS OF KARMA CARBON
FOOTPRINT AND IN TERMS OF
HABITAT DESTRUCTION.
HABITAT DESTRUCTION. WE CAN HARVEST SALMON AND MOST
FISH WITH VERY LITTLE OVERALL
IMPACT TO THE OCEAN BUT IF YOU
WANT TO GO CROPS AND MY SON IS
A FARMER.
A FARMER.
A FARMER. I KNOW IT QUITE WELL.
YOU CAN COMPLETELY DESTROY IT.
YOU CHANGE AND TAKEN NORTHWEST
FOREST.
FOREST.
FOREST. AND IN GENERAL, FISHERIES HAVE
QUITE A BIT LOWER ENVIRONMENTAL
IMPACT THAN CROPS AND THEN
LIVESTOCK AND EVEN WITH RESPECT
TO CROPS, MANY FISHERIES LOOK
VERY GOOD COMPARED TO --
>> COMPARED TO IT.
>> -- EXPLAIN WHY CATTLE TAKE
UP SO MUCH FROM THE ENVIRONMENT.
TYPICALLY THEY ARE GRAZING AND
WHAT IS THE BIG BILLS BUT
EXPLAIN WHY THAT IS A THING.
>> THE BIG CARBON FOOTPRINT
ISSUE IS THEIR DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
USES BACTERIA, THAT PRODUCED
METHANE.
METHANE.
METHANE. AND THEY PRODUCE A LOT OF
METHANE IN THE FORM OF MANURE
AND BURPS AND IT REALLY IS
SOMETHING THAT CHICKENS AND
PIGS DON'T HAVE SO THAT IS WHY
CATTLE TYPICALLY LOOK WORSE THAN
CHICKENS AND PIGS AND THE OTHER
IS FOOD CONVERSION EFFICIENCY
THAT MOST BEEF AND PRETTY WELL
MOST DAIRY IN THE U.S. ARE FED
CROPS THAT ARE GROWN.
THAT ARE NOT RAISING, VERY
MUCH.
MUCH.
MUCH. SO
MUCH. SO MY SON HAS 2000 ANIMALS AND
THEY ARE NOT ON PASTOR AT ALL.
HE PRODUCES THE FEED AND SO
CATTLE HAVE LOWER FOOD
CONVERSION EFFICIENCIES THAN
CHICKENS AND PIGS.
>> AND DOES THE SAME THING
APPLIED THAT IT DOESN'T MATTER
WHAT CHOICES WE MAKE AS A
CONSUMER OR BY STOPPING EATING
BEEF OR EATING BEEF ONE DAY PER
WEEK MAKE ANY DIFFERENCE IF WE
ALL DID IT?
>> IF WE ALL DID IT PROBABLY
YES.
YES.
YES. THAT
YES. THAT YOUR INDIVIDUAL CHOICES IS
REALLY MORE ABOUT YOURSELF AND
WHAT YOU WANT TO FEEL RATHER
THAN THINKING YOU ARE GOING TO
CHANGE THE WORLD.
>> SHOULD WE WORRY ABOUT ANIMAL
RIGHTS IN TERMS OF FISHERIES?
>> IT CERTAINLY IS AN ISSUE
THAT IS IMPORTANT TO SOME
PEOPLE AND MY PERSPECTIVE, I
COME FROM A TERRESTRIAL
BACKGROUND AND I HAVE SPENT SIX
MONTHS IN SERENGETI NATIONAL
PARK ONE HALF OF THE ANIMALS
DIED.
DIED.
DIED. AND
DIED. AND SO, THE FACT IS EVERY
ANIMAL IN THE WILD DIES.
AND IT IS ALMOST ALWAYS A VERY
UNPLEASANT DEATH SO MY PERSONAL
PERSPECTIVE IS THAT YOU KNOW
KILLING A FISH WHICH I HAVE
DONE IS NO WORSE DEATH THAN
WHAT WOULD'VE HAPPENED IF I HAD
NOT.
NOT.
NOT. >>
NOT. >> I
NOT. >> I THINK I NEED A NAP NOW.
>> LET ME RECOVER FROM THAT.
>> TELL ME ABOUT YOUR CURRENT
THINKING ABOUT THE ORCAS
POPULATION.
POPULATION. >> FIVE YEARS I CHAIRED AN
INDEPENDENT SCIENCE REVIEW AT
THE NATIONAL FISHERIES SERVICE
IN THE CANADIAN GOVERNMENT
ASKED FOR ON IMPACT OF CHINOOK
SALMON FISHERIES.
SALMON FISHERIES. AND WHAT WE FOUND THAT REALLY
SURPRISED US IS CHINOOK IS THE
DOMINANT FORM OF THEIR FOOD.
CHINOOK HAS BEEN BECOMING LESS
ABUNDANT BUT THERE ARE TWO
GROUPS OF SALMON EATING KILLER
WHALES IN WASHINGTON AND
BRITISH COLUMBIA.
BRITISH COLUMBIA. THE SOUTHERN RESIDENTS ARE THE
WANT OF BIG CONCERN AT THE
NORTHERN PRESIDENTS ARE DOING
GREAT.
GREAT.
GREAT. THERE POPULATION HAS BEEN
GROWING AND THERE ARE 300+ OF
THEM AND THAT FUNDAMENTALLY EAT
THE SAME CHINOOK SALMON.
THE ONES IN PUGET SOUND IN THE
SOUTHERN RESIDENTS ARE SUBJECT
TO A LOT MORE NOISE, SUBJECT TO
MORE SHIP TRAFFIC AND SUBJECT
TO A LOT OF TOXIC SUBSTANCES IN
PUGET SOUND AND PROBABLY THE
NORTHERN RESIDENTS ARE NOT.
THERE IS A LITTLE BIT OF
DIFFERENCE IN WHAT CHINOOK
SALMON HE SO I AM PERSONALLY
SKEPTICAL THAT CHINOOK SALMON
IS THE PRIMARY EXPLANATION FOR
THE DECLINE IN THE PROBLEMS OF
SOUTHERN RESIDENTS.
SOUTHERN RESIDENTS. THEY HAVE ALWAYS BEEN A SMALL
POPULATION.
POPULATION. THEY ARE PROBABLY HIGHLY
INBRED.
INBRED.