time makes sense in small pieces but when you look at huge stretches of time it's almost
impossible to wrap your head around things so let's start small with minutes hours days
you probably spent the last 24 hours mostly sleeping and working and you probably wasted
a good chunk of yesterday on the internet days become weeks weeks become months yes and then
we have a year let's look at 2017. France started to train Eagles to hunt terrorist drones a check
nuclear what our plant held a bikini contest to pick their new in do you know the term bikini
actually came from uh the island of where like uh atom bombs were being tested and things like
this turn and people on the internet made a challenge out of eating bleach you know
wow what was happening in 2017. the usual stuff let's go back further a kid born in the first
year of the 21st century is 18 years old now but the century is still young even if you're not
it was largely shaped by the attacks on 9 11 which led to the war in Afghanistan and the invasion of
Iraq in March 2011 the Syrian Civil War began and is still ongoing after seven years most of us were
born in the 20th century which had the two most devastating Wars in human history and the Cold War
for the first time ever we could destroy ourselves with nuclear weapons and we almost
did but we also had a space race and left Earth for the first time the internet was
also invented which led to memes but also to Facebook and Twitter the internet has
just changed everything like the way people live now is just so different to any other
point in history it's like what did people do before the internet like as kids rather
than sit on their iPads they're just like they have to go outside and climb trees and stuff
they had to think of things to do and to go down this street meet up with some kids somehow
and how did parents even know where their kids were they're all just like outside doing stuff
you just sort of have to go on it's like the world is so different kids and people are so different
because of the Internet it's like it's like what were we before the internet we were just like
fairly smart monkeys now we're like cyber age so all in all we're not sure if this was a
good development the average human lives about 79 years which covers a good chunk of recent history
the oldest living person on earth is currently celino haramicho who was born in 1896 which
means that is he still alive his birth was closer to Napoleon ruling Europe than to the
current day I saw a cool video about this stuff recently about how like the middle
human out of the 117 billion humans have ever lived like the 50 billionth of what is that
58.5 billionth was like back in like 2000 BC before like everything it's like just think
about all those human lives like before that time and they had nothing like cavemany people
it's just beautiful to think about only 250 years ago the Industrial Revolution turned the world
into a progress machine performers became workers and knowledge became easier to distribute around
this time we started the progress that is causing climate change today not that long ago actually
the theory of evolution changed how we saw ourselves and the world we live in
Newton wrote down his theory of gravity we discovered distant stars and very close bacteria
the 15th century was very eventful Columbus's discovery of America and the fall of
Constantinople marked the end of the Middle Ages war was all the rage in the Middle Ages but the
number one killer was disease the black plague killed every third European in just six years
around 2000 years ago we set the arbitrary year one of our calendar that most of the
world follows today but to a Roman the world was already ancient the great pyramids were
constructed 4 500 years ago so it's amazing to think about all this the Middle Ages and
it's like you know after 14 billion years of cosmic Evolution to a Roman the pyramids were
older than the Romans are to us today so long ago that there were still living mammoths on Earth
a lot of history happened before that even around seven thousand years ago humans began writing
things down have you seen people still wondering if there's like woolly mammoths roaming around in
like the geiger in like Russian Siberia and stuff I don't think there are but it is a big place
about 12 000 years ago human organization exploded we built our first temple and around the world
mankind began farming which enabled the rise of larger what were they like the silurian stuff is
that what they're called are they the uh they're the aliens right our dominance over planet Earth
ready begins here Homo sapiens sapiens the modern human evolved at least 200 000 years ago 2002 I
believe it's more like 300 000 now and maybe even 500 000 with all the tools years ago the cognitive
Revolution expanded our minds and Innovation the cognitive Revolution back then we shared Earth
with at least five other human species that either died out or were killed by us at least two million
years ago our ancestors already had control over fire and constructed tools from wood and stone and
six million years ago the last common ancestors of chimpanzees and humans existed so this graph
is all of human history our close relative Homo erectus survived 10 times longer than we have
existed this tiny part is the human era we have to zoom in a lot to even see your lifetime still
all of human history is not that long see but I don't get why the video is called time history of
history and future areas I thought it was going to include the universe because if you've seen
Carl Sagan's Cosmos he condenses all of cosmic history into one calendar year and on that one
calendar year all of human history is literally at the last second of you know midnight you know
December the 31st before the new year that's all human history if if it was condensed into one
Cosmic calendar year 65 million years ago the age of the dinosaurs ended in an enormous explosion
the Dinosaurs Ruled the Earth for over 165 million years 27 times as long as all humans
that's so long that it means a T-Rex that lived 65 million years ago is closer to us today than to a
live stegosaurus also is it the final second can someone to fact check me I believe it's the final
second Dinosaurs in the form of Mighty chickens are still around today animal life on this planet
started 600 million years ago the earliest animals were fish and other small simple sea creatures
then came insects that reptiles and finally around 200 million years ago mammals joined the party
life itself began much further back there is evidence that it appeared up to 4.1 billion
years ago for at least 3.5 billion years life consisted only of single-celled organisms these
videos are so good 4.5 billion years ago the sun was born from a gigantic imploding gas cow
60 million years later Earth formed in those early years frequent bombardment by comets and asteroids
supplied the Earth with large oceans but as far as the whole universe goes there are like Astro like
Dino killing asteroid impacts every like 15 000 years at that point our solar system is pretty new
13.75 billion years ago the universe was born and about half a billion years later our own
Galaxy formed from billions of stars but what came before the Big Bang the truth is we don't
know wait hold up hold up what did you just say it was born and about half a billion years later
our own Galaxy formed from billions of stars this isn't true a progenitor of our galaxy
so you've got to remember over the course of the evolution of the universe Galaxy's merge
and so our galaxy The spiral we think you know Galaxy Evolution the way it
plays out is that you know to get a spiral you need to have had a bunch of galaxies that have
merged essentially and uh in the early Universe it's a much smaller place it's more dense things
are closer together galaxies were much smaller and more dense the progenerative of the Milky Way at
about that time was about 50 times its size uh or maybe even even smaller actually that about
a billion years it was about a 50 50th of the size and uh more dense and so a progenitor at that time
I just wanted to insert this little bit something to talk about and then over the course of cosmic
history there's lots of galaxies merging and then so our our galaxy has like an evolutionary history
of like you know all these different galaxies that emerged into it it's kind of nice to think
about but what came before the Big Bang the truth is we don't know and maybe we never will
there you have it the past inflation we do not we don't know what happened at the end before the end
stages of inflation but we do know inflation it seems like came before the Big Bang now
that's the commonly held view now let's take a look at what we know about the future in
roughly 1 billion years the sun will be so hot that life on Earth becomes impossible
the death of the sun 4 billion years later Mark I love how we're doing the
history of everything now it's like two minutes compared to the end of life in the solar system
if we want to have a chance to survive we need to have ventured to the Stars
yes Cosmic inflation what happens after that in the next 100 billion years most of the biggest
stars around will die the universe becomes dimmer and dimmer so I think this is a good point before
we finish to say come get the thing I've made it's called a post Quantum VPN calvian and you can get
it and use it for free for a little bit and it can protect you from chronic computers it's brand
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and my YouTube channel I would love you if you do illuminated only by smaller red and white dwarfs
but they too will eventually burn out and one day the last star in the universe will die
the universe will turn dark and at some point even black holes will evaporate and die
when they do our universe will reach its final stage heat death there's lots to say here we've
done heaps of videos on the end of the universe so you should go check them out nothing changes
anymore the universe is Dead Forever there's lots of ideas we don't know what how this is going to
play out and saying this nothing changes anymore everything is that is actually not well you know
the lots of ideas for this sorts of time is you know things will spontaneously happen that might
have been what kicked off The Big Bang in the first place and inflation and all this stuff
um you know perturbations in some kind of um really ordered state so who knows we have
no idea but I'm just saying even at this point you know you know if you've heard me talk about
boltzmann brains and things like that they give it a long enough time combined with you know the
probabilities of quantum theory you can get brains forming forming randomly in in the
vacuum so but anyway now you're feeling some pretty weird feelings right now aren't you we
are too it's only natural the good news is this is all far far away the only time that actually
matters is now that cute girl or boy you like pass them out time is precious Make It Count
I love how we tell ourselves all these things but we really don't know of any of that stuff
that he just said is true like uh you know time is precious is it you know the only thing that
matters is Now is really you know like photons they don't experience time you know so who knows
like maybe this is all predetermined maybe you know we're running forwards and backwards and
I've been here before and there's lots of crazy scientific speculation things you can
get into and you might say oh that's that's woo and speculation but at the same time
you're going to try and tell yourself that you know the universe is spontaneously forming out of
God knows what and uh you know that doesn't sound like just as crazy
speculate my friends I think it's fun being here before yes referring to you
know the fact this place might be deterministic predetermined that's the that's the point of
view general relativity paints uh Einstein have you never heard Einstein say like you
know the the past and the future is but a stubborn illusion that's because in general
relativity you have this block Universe where time everything is predetermined
one of the questions we get asked the most is how we make animated videos so that'll end that video
in just a one last little thing it basically says like if you had all the preconditions all of the
initial conditions I mean of the universe you could calculate what's going to happen
so in that way it's predetermined but also means the future is an illusion and the past
um but there's deeper things to thinking in that way
um I don't think you need to worry about it though because you know quantum theory looks good