[...]
[Music playing]
[Family planning]
[Family planning communication]
[High-pitched shrill music]
[Low Cost Media]
[Crop field, camera zooms out]
[Narrator:] Kenya.
[Village workers preparing soil]
[Mother holding her toddler with 3 other children nearby]
An old country custom.
[Mother puts toddler down to begin walk]
As soon as a new child can walk, the mother
sends him to her husband.
Ready now to receive him again.
[Father holds out hand to child]
Ready for a fresh conception, a further pregnancy.
[Father lifts son and coddles him]
[Father walks back to his wife]
How to delay that walk is the challenge.
How to convince the wife that it is in her own interest
to do so.
[Tribal drumming]
[Tribal ritual, movement and drumming]
The task is to change attitudes as old and as deeply rooted
as tribal origins.
Men must feel it's no longer necessary to have many children
to prove that they are men.
[Car travels down dirt road]
This cannot be done from an office in the city.
You must go out there amongst them yourself.
[Family planning worker]
Direct, face-to-face contact and communication costs no more
than your own presence, patience, and perseverance.
Traditional ways offer you an immediately [Drumming]
available and acceptable channel of communication.
[Tribal drumming]
Planning for better family living
is the essence of the message you have to get across.
Here this means, first of all, a more healthy spacing
of children.
The lessons you have to teach them
are in health, hygiene, nutrition.
None of which can be shown to be possible with large families.
How can low-cost materials help you in this situation?
Farmers know that if you plant seedlings too close together,
there's not enough room for them to grow properly.
They have to be spread out.
Then they will grow tall and strong.
[Cornfield]
If not, they will sicken and die.
[Poster image: You'll get bad yields]
You can show that the same is true of families.
[Poster image: An unhappy society]
[Tribal music continues]
[Zoom out to reveal a document]
[Document with several pictures]
[Zoom in to crop image]
[Poster image: If you plant plants carefully]
Everyone can understand a picture.
Particularly if it is seen in relation to his own experience
and environment.
[Vehicle rumbles down road]
[Field workers]
But how can you make a poster if you yourself cannot draw?
[Sheet of paper rustles]
Not so very difficult. First, transparent tracing
paper laid over the original.
On the tracing paper, draw the outline that shows through.
Turn it over.
[Paper rustles]
[Drawing with an overlay]
With a lead pencil, heavily shade this outline on the reverse.
[Man with pencil]
Turn it over again onto a sheet of blank paper.
Go over the outline again.
On the new heavy paper will be a faint impression
the right way around made through from the shading.
Go over this again heavily.
Shade and color.
And there it is.
As good, if not better than the original.
Lettering if you cannot print?
No problem.
A stencil set.
With which you paint the letters through one after the other.
[Stencil placed on paper]
[Worker making a poster]
Not everyone can read words.
[Boy opens up a pamphlet]
But with economic and social development,
many children can do so now.
[Woman speaking]
Too many children in the land means that there cannot be
enough good schools for a proper education and future for them.
How can you be sure you do not have another baby too soon?
By getting family planning help.
[Young boy reading]
[Mother:] [Non-English speech]
[Narrator:] India.
With a series of pictures, flashcards,
you can tell the whole story in sequence.
And you can adapt the commentary to the pictures
for the particular audience you've brought together
in their own language and idiom.
[Non-English speech]
If one man has four sons and each son in turn
has four more sons, just see how much less food and land
there is then left for each.
[Non-English speech]
[Narrator:] With just two children,
there can be a good home, plenty of food,
good schooling, and a prosperous future.
[Non-English speech]
Always relate what you show, what you say, how you share it,
how you say it, to the actual lives, environment, experience
of your audience.
[Audience listening to speaker]
Flannel graphs,,
cut-out pictures stuck onto flannel,
are another way of doing this with pictures
you can make yourself.
A planned family,
a good home.
An unplanned family, a poor, unhappy home.
[Cut-out pictures stuck onto flannel graph]
[Bus moves down a city street]
Like everything we're talking about,
flannel graphs can be made from simple, low-cost
materials, easily obtainable.
[Tharao General Store sign]
[Folded flannel blanket]
First of all, a blanket.
Just an ordinary blanket.
[Woman drapes blanket over an easel]
[Figures cut out of paper]
Draw pictures of well-known objects.
Like the food we eat but cannot afford
we have too many children.
[Scissors cutting paper]
Then glue them to sandpaper on their backs.
[Woman applying glue then pressing image to the back of sandpaper]
When dry, cut them out.
The rough sandpaper on the other side
holds them up on the blanket.
[Cut-outs on blanket]
You can build up an entire story and pictures in this way,
changing it as you talk.
[Announcement banner]
In India, flannel graphs are widely
used in family planning communication.
[Non-English speech]
[Large seated group of women]
[Teaching/speaking continue]
[Narrator:] Just two children, a happy family.
[Graph showing a family of four] [Paper rustle]
[Non-English speech]
Too many, poverty and unhappiness.
[Graph revealing a larger family]
[Non-English speech]
[Narrator:] The solution?
Go to the clinic and seek family planning guidance and advice.
[Drawing of an individual talking to clinic staff]
[Non-English speech]
[Image of a happy family of three]
[Non-English speech]
Flip books are another way of teaching with pictures
shown in sequence.
And you don't have to be an expert
to speak the commentary to the pictures.
It's already there for you, printed on their backs.
[Non-English speech]
[Paper rustle]
[Typewritten script]
[Non-English speech]
[Narrator:] Another way of making pictures
with the silk-screen process.
Cut out a stencil of the picture you want to copy.
[Razor blade cutting out paper image]
Iron it onto a piece of silk stretched over a frame.
[Male worker with electric iron]
A piece of paper placed on a board beneath it.
[Frame board closing]
[Thud]
[Male worker dispenses ink onto the stencil]
[Narrator:] Ink...
[Puddle of dark ink]
[Screen printing squeegee]
rolled and squeezed all the way down.
Then, just lift off.
[Mother and child image]
Pictures for your posters are already there,
ready-made, if you look for them
and cut them out from magazines.
[Woman arranging images on a board]
And most of us can get hold of a camera.
[Man with camera taking a picture]
[Shutter click]
[...]
So we can produce pictures ourselves,
which can then become an effective part
of the poster message.
[Family planning poster]
[Three human figure masks]
Masks and models...
[Giraffe model]
in use to tell stories for thousands of years.
[Ingredients for paper mache]
You start with a mixture of paper and flour and water.
Out of which you make a paste.
[...]
[Tap, tap, tap, tap, tap]
[Mixing ingredients in a can]
[Tap, tap, tap, tap, tap, tap, tap, tap, tap]
[Paste resting on newspaper]
[Paste being kneaded]
Then a ball of paper tied with string
around the top of a hollow tube or stick.
[Hands applying paste]
Cover the paper ball little by little with the paste.
[Hands applying paste]
[Puppet head]
Model it into a face and features.
[Pan to another puppet head]
When dry, polished smooth, and paint.
[Head figure getting flesh color paint applied]
[Several painted puppets on rack]
With yarn, hemp, or horsehair, make a little wig
and glue it on their heads.
Slipped on your hand, your fingers in their arms
and in that hollow tube in the center of their heads,
puppets soon take on an identity and personality all their own.
[Non-English speech]
[Man practicing with puppet]
[Poster: "A well planned family is a happy family"]
[Narrator:] Successful family planning communication
requires a special unit,
a unit to plan and coordinate the work
involved in the use of visual aids in the field.
[Indiscriminate chatter]
And this includes the costing, budgeting, and organization
of low-cost media to arrange displays and exhibitions.
[Photo of a Planned Parenthood exhibit booth]
But all the aids in the world are only aids,
never substitutes for human contact.
[Non-English speech] [Two women meeting at a table]
[Non-English speech]
[Village hut]
[Small group seated]
[Narrator:] The lowest cost of all,
the most effective channel of communication,
comes face-to-face.
[Non-English speech]
[Family planning worker]
[Non-English speech]
[Drumming]
[Worker discussing family planning with villagers]
[Drumming continues]
[Worker discussing family planning with villagers]
[Toddler sucking thumb]
[Drumming]
[Fade to black]
[Music playing]
[Written and directed by: Peter Hopkinson] [Photographed by: Mohinder Dhillon]
[Edited by: John Hackney] [Dubbing mixer: Richard King]
[Sound recording and production management: World Wide Pictures]
[A UNESCO film]
[Produced by: Peter Hopkinson Associates 1973]
[Fade to black]
[...]
[Tone]
[...]