Gáttir allar áðr gangi fram,
um skoðask skyli, um skyggnask skyli– því at óvíst er at vita
hvar óvinir sitja á fleti fyrir.
Those are the first words in the Hávamál, an Old Norse poem of wisdom attributed to the god
Odin himself and found in the Poetic Edda,
the most important source for our knowledge of the myths of the Norse gods and heroes. In my translation of the Poetic Edda,
which is available on many sites online, including Grimfrost and Amazon,
I´ve included as an appendix my translation called 'The Cowboy Hávamál', which takes the first
seventy-seven or so stanzas of Hávamál, traditionally called the Gestahattr- the ‘part for guests’-
and puts them in the voice of my grandfather, June Crawford, who, uh,
gave me advice throughout my life that always reminded me of this poem,Hávamál, and vice-versa.
Today I’m going to read to you The Cowboy Hávamál, in this abandoned Pony Express station in an undisclosed location.
Use yer eyes,and never walk blind.
There ain’t no tellin’ where there’s someone waitin’ to put one over on you.
Don’t be unkind to a wanderer. You know the type:
Waiting, proud, outside your doorstep.
Give ‘im a break, and let ‘im in.
Let ‘im get close to the fire, and have a chance to dry his clothes.
He’s been walkin’ in the mountains, and that wears a man down.
You know what he’s lookin’ for: Some clothes to change into,
a few kind words, not too many,
a chance to tell his story, a chance to hear what you’ll say.
You ought to have a damn sight of learnin’, before you step outside that door.
It’s a lot easier to stay at home, but no one’ll listen to you if you stay there.
Now, that ain’t to say that you ought to be showy about your learnin’.
Don’t say too much and you’ll say more o’ the right things.
And don’t ever think that other folks have nothin’ to teach you, either.
You only stand to gain by keeping yer ears open, too.
People’s approval ain’t nothin’ you need. Half the time it ain’t true.
Just be sure you think you’re right; and that you’re comfortable in your own skin;
you’re all you can count on.
And while you should listen to people’s advice,
don’t just do whatever they say.
You’ve got a head on your own shoulders; use it, boy.
That head on your shoulders is the best thing you’ll ever have.
And no amount o’ money can make up for not havin’ it.
Keep it in good shape.
The worst way to make yourself into a goddamned fool is to drink too much.
Stay out o’ the liquor, except you know yer limits.
Oh, folks’ll say this and that, how much fun it is to drink and all.
But the more you drink, the less you know, and that’s a poor exchange.
I’ve been drunk, I’m not sayin’ otherwise. Let me tell you what it’s like:
It’s as if a bird hovered over your head, drinking more of your wits, the more you drink.
Lord a’mighty, I was drunk, I was shamefaced drunk. And I didn’t have myself near as good a time
as if I’d gone home sober.
So keep quiet, keep your head clear, and don’t back off from a fight.
You’ll be happier that way– and you’ll die soon enough.
You’re a goddamned fool if you think you’ll live forever just because you won’t fight.
Say nobody ever kills you– old age ain’t no peach, either.
I’ll say another thing about drinkin’– I swear I’m nearly done:
But just you think how much dumber a dumb man is after a few drinks:
Who ever heard more awful bullshit?
Travel, see the country, never miss a chance to get outdoors.
You’ll only get smarter by knowin’ more people, more places, more ways to be a man.
Accept hospitality, but don’t be a jackass. Folk can only offer so much.
And if you want to talk, just consider whether what you want to say matters to anybody else.
A belly’s a sure sign that a man’s not in control of himself.
Folks’ll laugh if you’re eatin’ too much.
Yer stomach’s not yer head– you can put too much in it.
You ever seen a fat cow? I mean, they’re all fat, but only to a point:
They don’t eat so much they hurt themselves.
And a cow is just about the dumbest thing on this damn earth.
Nothin’ to learn from a fella who won’t but laugh at everybody else.
What he ain’t learned would do him some good: He's got his own faults.
You should lie down to sleep and not think about tomorrow;
you’ll take care of it then.
If you worry at night, you get nothing done, and you’re in worse shape for the day.
Not everybody who laughs with you is yer friend.
Someone who won’t but laugh hasn’t thought about much.
Not everybody who laughs with you is yer friend.
It’s one thing if a fella’ll laugh with you, it’s another if you can count on ‘im.
You’re a damn fool if you think you can just figure out a way out of any problem.
It’s good to think ahead, but sometimes things go wrong.
I wish more damn fools would just keep their mouths shut.
If they did, we might not realize just how many goddamned fools there are in this old world.
Ain’t ever been a single person who can keep his mouth shut when it comes to other people.
But try not to gossip, even if it makes you look smarter.
You will talk yourself into trouble if you don’t think before you speak:
Hold that tongue, and think a little, or you’ll find out that it’s a long whip, and it’s gonna hit you from behind.
Don’t make fun of someone else, even if he owes you money, and don’t pester people with questions.
Sarcastic people sound smart when they make fun of someone else.
But making fun dudn’t make you smart, and that’s time you could be putting
into somethin’ more worthwhile.
A fella might be nice enough; there’s still something that’ll make ‘im want to fight.
Where there’s more than one man, you’ll eventually have a fight.
You shouldn’t sit around and wait to eat all day. Go ahead and eat, unless you’re eatin’ later with a friend,
otherwise you’ll just be useless.
Don’t concern yerself with anybody who won’t repay yer friendship in kind.
Better to walk a long way to a friend, than a short way to some ornery jackass.
Don’t overstay yer welcome. Folks like company, but not too much,
they start to resent a guest ‘fore long. So git goin’ after a while, or you’ll git on people’s nerves.
Dudn’t matter where you live, long as you have a roof over you. Better to call some place home,
even if it ain’t much to look at, than to beg for ever’thing.
It dudn’t matter where you live, long as you have a place.
Better to call a place home, or you’ll feel worse and worse, as you beg for more and more.
Keep yer guns close. I don’t care what they say,
there ain’t no tellin’ when there’ll be call for ’em. An armed man has a shot.
Don’t think a generous host wouldn’t gladly take something in return for yer room and board.
Never seen a man so nice he wouldn’t like a little in return.
Don’t save so much money that you don’t use any of it.
You’ll die, after all, and it might not go to people you like.
The world ain’t aimin’ to please you.
Give yer friend a gift that’ll matter to ‘im: Weapons, clothes, you know the kind.
This kind of giving, if he gits you back, will mean he’ll have yer back when it counts.
Be friendly to anybody friendly to you, and repay their gifts.
Repay good with good, and bad with bad.
Be friendly to anybody friendly to you; and to his friends, too.
But be careful not to make friends with your friends’ enemies.
If you have a good friend, and really trust ‘im, you should share yer mind with ‘im,
exchange gifts with ‘im, visit ‘im often.
If you have another friend and don’t trust him worth a spit, but want somethin’ from ‘im,
speak kindly, but don’t be surprised if you find yerself betrayin’ that kindness.
Now this fella you don’t trust: That’s not to say you shouldn’t talk to ‘im, laugh with ‘im, even–
hell, who can you trust?
But repay ‘im just what he gives you.
I was young once, and I walked alone, and I got lost on my way.
It wasn’t alone that I found happiness, but in good company, good friends;
there’s no joy in loneliness.
Be friendly, be brave if you’re challenged, and don’t nurture a grudge for too long.
That’s the way to spend yer life– not on worrying, not on shirking yer responsibilities.
Once I was walkin’, I saw two scarecrows, and that gave me the damnedest funny thought:
They were naked, so I’d give ’em clothes.
They looked a damned sight better in ’em, too; a naked man just feels ashamed of himself.
Think about a pine on the edge o’ town–
once a part o’ the forest, but the forest is gone, and now it’s surrounded by pasture.
Puts me in mind of a man no one loves– what’s he got to live for?
You might think you have a new friend, but just you wait five days, that’ll test ‘im.
They say that a bad friendship burns for only five days, but on the sixth one it goes out.
You may not have much, so don’t give much.
But I’ve won friends with just a bowl o’ soup and half a loaf o’ bread.
A small ocean has small beaches, and small brains have damned little to give.
But the world takes all types.
Don’t git too goddamned smart, now, there’s a measure for ever’thing.
And don’t think it’s for nothing that the stupid people tend to be the happier ones, too.
Don’t git too goddamned smart, now, there’s a measure for ever’thing.
You’ll know you’re gone too far when you can’t find a thing to smile about:
That’s what wisdom’s like.
Don’t git too goddamned smart, now, there’s a measure for ever’thing.
And if you think you can learn the future, you’re a damned fool, not a wise man.
You’ll be happier not knowing anyway.
You won’t learn a thing if you never talk to folks, and nobody will learn anything from you.
If you keep yer thoughts to yerself, you’ll never turn the lead in yer head to gold.
Don’t sleep too late, that’s no way to get things done.
If you mean to do business, get goin’–
a lazy wolf never caught a sheep, a sleeping man never earned a dime.
Don’t sleep too late, that’s no way to get things done.
If you’re still sleepin’ at sunrise, you’re losin’ the race already– someone’s got more hours than you.
You know how to measure wood and bark for a roof,
and you know the way to tell the time, and determine the seasons.
You know this stuff, son.
Don’t go to see folks with your hair a mess and your clothes dirty.
Put a damned shirt on, and some shoes–
it’s no shame in not having the best. And eat a little first, too.
Consider your reputation;
if you go to town, and know nobody, and nobody has a whit to say about you,
you’ll be like an eagle stretching out its beak, but never catching a fish.
Now here’s a fact I’ve learned:
Tell a secret to one good friend, and that secret might stay with him;
but tell two people your secret, and everybody will know pretty soon.
Don’t think you’re the goddamned smartest, or the toughest, or the best at anything,
and don’t let folks think you are, either.
Otherwise you’ll find out the hard way that someone is always better.
Watch what you say, son– what you say to other people is often exactly what you git from ’em.
There’s bein’ too early, there’s bein’ too late, and you can’t always predict folks’ timing.
Try to be on time; that wins you more favor.
People ain’t always sincere when they say they’ll give you somethin’;
you don’t know it for a fact till it’s in yer hands.
Don’t take anybody at just his word.
A warm home is good for you,
the sunshine is good for you, and your health, too, of course,
but don’t underestimate how good it is to live without things to say sorry for.
You can never lose ever’thing, even if yer health looks to give out any minute.
You might still have yer kids, yer family, yer money, or something else– or better, a job well done.
Better to be alive, no matter what, than dead– only the living enjoy anything.
I’ve seen a rich man’s corpse; it wadn’t different than a poor man’s.
Break yer leg? You can ride a horse still. Lost a hand? Not yer voice, too, I reckon.
Cain’t hear? Bet you can still fight.
There ain’t a damn way any shot at life is worse than empty death.
It’s good to have a son, or someone you can call that;
there ain’t too many men remembered ‘cept those as left family behind.
If two fight again’ one, two’ll probably win. And again, son, watch yer damn tongue.
And never trust that what folks keep hidden from you is for yer own good.
The weather can change a lot in five days, it can change even more in a month,
and you’re a fool if you think you can predict it. Never trust to anything that’s not in yer own power.
I’ve said you should listen, but don’t listen to goddamned idiots.
And remember: You might be poor, someone else might be rich, and neither o’ you has the other to blame.
Cows die, friends and family die, you will die just the same way.
But if you have a good reputation, that might survive you.
Cows die, friends and family die, you will die just the same way.
The only thing that won’t die is what folks say about you when you’re dead.
I saw a rich man’s son,
he had a good many head o’ cattle. Now he’s a beggar in the street.
Wealth’s nothin’ to count on; it’ll leave you as soon as it finds you.
Now, a good thing may happen to a pretty stupid man, but that dudn’t make him any better.
He’ll just be as arrogant, and not any smarter.
Don’t sing the praises of anything that ain’t over.
Not the day’s before the night, not the work’s before its end,
not the man’s before his death.
In memory of June Crawford and in honor of him, and everyone else who bears the Western torch today,
that’s the Cowboy Hávamál.
All the best to you all, from the wilderness of the American West.