hi my name is May Beaubrun and I'm a board certified behavior analyst with
Brett DiNovi and Associates in this video I will be talking about programming for
generalization. generalization is what a skill is taught under one set of
conditions and the individual is able to apply the same skill with different
people in a new place and other similar stimuli. generalization is the ability to
perform a learn skill in a variety of different contexts is. a common example
is the ability to drive a vehicle if an individual learned how to drive a car
with a specific make and model they're likely able to generalize the ability to
drive a different make or a different model of that car generalization may
need to be taught explicitly to teach generalization ensure there are
sufficient stimulus examples sufficient response examples as well as negative
teaching examples so that you're not only teaching what something is but also
what something is not there are two types of generalization seamless
simulation and response generalization stimulus generalization is our responses
learned under one set of stimuli that occurs in the presence of different but
similar su Li for example a person who's afraid of spiders generally won't be
afraid of just one species of spiders but all Rapid Response transition is the
process of making a different the similar response to the same set of
stimuli for example unzipping a sweatshirt unzipping a comb and
unzipping a backpack to determine whether or not generation has occurred
examine if the skill occurs across different settings across different
materials and with different people when that skill was not explicitly trained an
example generalization across people is when a learner is taught to say hi to an
instructor and he or she says hi to other people as well this would be an
example of similar generalization an example of generalization across
settings is when a learner is taught to wash their hands before a meal at school
and at home they're now washing their hands before a
meal as well even though no one taught that skill to wash their hands before a
meal at home this is another example of stimulus generalization an example of
generalization across materials is what a learner is taught to add SS to the end
of the words tree car and dog when referring to more than one this is an
example of stimulus generalization because the response of adding essays
remain the same and the stimuli or nouns are
changed an example of response realization is using your teeth instead
of scissors to cut a string in either situation the string of being removed
with teeth or with scissors changes to accomplish the same goal remember to
generalize to stimulus conditions other than in the training setting you want to
train the generalize setting you want to incorporate naturally occurring
opportunities you want to transition exemplars you stimuli in a generalized
setting and also reinforce generalized responses meaning that whenever you see
the behavior occur in a generalized setting reinforces to that that the
probability of occurring again increases in the future all these may help to
reduce the phenomenon owes as stimulus over selectivity sumos over selectivity
refers to focusing on only one aspect of an outdoor environment and not the other
relevant aspects this restricted attending could cause deficits in skill
acquisition certain appropriate materials can prevent seamless over
selectivity consider teaching new vocabulary as a concept and stuck
materials that teach variable attributes of the concept these attributes include
the number the size the context black and white versus color drawn versus
photographed part-to-whole and perspective let's look at some
examples of carrots in this first example that's the teaching set so the
first attribute that we're going to vary is the number so whether there's one
carrot or there several carrots the COTS the carrot is the same the next
attribute that we're gonna vary is the size so whether it's very very large or
very very small like in this picture the concept of carrot is the same next is
the context so whether the carrot is shown as part of a meal carrots in a
soup or carriage just in isolation by themselves all these are still the
concepts of carrot the next attribute is the color so whether it's shown in a
black-and-white photo or a colored photo the concept of carrot is still the same
another attribute is whether it's a line drawing of a carrot or a photograph of
the carrot both of those attributes can change but the cost of the carrot is the
same also whether it's a whole carrot or just
part of one and lastly the perspective so whether you're looking at it where
it's cut in half look in the picture shown or if you're looking at the whole
carrot or just the end where the leaves are these are all the concept of carrot
remember although generalization may occur naturally there may be explicit
instruction necessary in order for generalization of acquired skills to
occur thanks for watching
you