exclaves are pieces of land separated from the rest of the country
enclaves are similar but are pieces of land completely surrounded by another state
exclaves can be enclaves and enclaves can be exclaves even though that's not always the case
next we come to penny exclaves these are areas of land that are still connected to the rest of the
territory but are not connected by road to other means leaving them practically as an exclave this
means that if you want to enter this penny exclave now you have to leave the country state or county
that you're in just to enter it again somewhere else most penny exclaves are very small but one
country has a large percentage of its land mass in one or had a large percentage until 2020 when
the penny exclave became no more let's examine brunei the country that used to be split in two
at seven hundred and forty eight thousand square kilometers borneo is the third largest island in
the world that's almost nine times the size of ireland it isn't a country of its own it's
divided between three countries malaysia indonesia and brunei brunei is the only country to be fully
located on the island of borneo and the only to have its capital city there brunei is located on
the northern coast of the island of borneo on the south china sea it is five thousand seven hundred
and sixty-five square kilometers in area and is home to four hundred and thirty thousand people
the country has a high square on the human development index and gdp per capita but there
are also many human rights abuses and a very low freedom of the press the country is an absolute
monarchy on resulting hassan al bulkaya the second current longest-reigning monarch in the world
now we come to the main topic of today's video the large penny exclave in the east of the country
this easternmost area is called the chambervang district and is home to ten and a half thousand
people or less than three percent of the entire country's population it is separated from the rest
of brunei by brunei bay but it is still connected to the rest of the country if territorial waters
are included like the rest of brunei the temburong district is completely surrounded by the sarawak
district of malaysia between the two areas of brunei is the limbang region within sarawak
this land was annexed from brunei by charles anthony johnson brooke the second rajya of
sarawak in 1890 brunei kept a territorial claim on this region since its independence in 1984
and it's clear to see why they wanted this land back to physically unite their country
limbaugh itself is also not connected by road to the rest of sarawak so you have to drive through
brunei to get there from the rest of the state some sources claim that a deal was reached in
2009 between the governments of malaysia and brunei runaway would drop its claim on limbang
while malaysia would abandon its claim to oil-rich areas in the south china sea
people wanting to travel from one part of brunei to the other would either
have to take a water taxi or pass through fire immigration points on a congested travel route
to end this problem the decision was made to build a bridge to connect the two halves of brunei this
would allow travellers to seamlessly go between the two territories without entering malaysia
while also shortening travel times from bangai to bandai serie bhagavan from 2 hours to 30 minutes
construction of the 30 kilometer long bridge started in 2014. the bridge was built by the
south korean company jalen and the china stage construction engineering corporation
work was expected to be completed in late 2019 but it isn't isolation opened ahead of schedule on the
17th of march 2020 yes that's saint patrick's day that saint patrick's day this is a saint patrick's
day like no other a day that none of us will ever forget those in brunei will never forget that day
because of the opening of the temple on bridge ish cost 1.6 billion per united or around 985
million euros 1.5 billion canadian dollars 4.3 billion polish ziloshi or 1.6 billion australian
dollars the bridge was the largest infrastructure project ever undertaken by the brunei government
ish was opened the day after brunei blocked non-residents from entering the country
and most citizens from leaving without the bridge the tempurang district would have been
cut away from the rest of the country so which was opened at a perfect time on the 14th of july 2020
yes that's bastille day the bridge was named sultan [ __ ] omar ali saifudian bridge
in honor of the sultan's late father who was regarded as the architect of modern brunei
now back to the borders penny exclaves are areas of land that are still connected to the rest of
the territory but are not connected by road or other means leaving them practically as an exclave
the tempurang district fit that definition in the past but now because of the bridge it is no longer
a penny exclave the tempurang district isn't the only such example in the world the 2.4 kilometer
long palyasak ridge in croatia will connect the penny exclave of dubrovnik to the rest of the
country saving time by avoiding boiler checks the country is split in two by bosnian shore coast at
noon thank you so much for watching this video thanks also to the youtube channel take it to
know for allowing me to use some of his pictures of brunei if you have any ideas for future videos
put them in the comment section below subscribe for more on ireland europe and the world