Hello, my name is Heather Kim and I'm from the hybrid body
Lab at Cornell University.
Today, I'm delighted to present our project midterm is
fabricating on body interfaces through machine needing.
I'd like to start with an image.
That tells us how powerful technology sensation can be in
our communication.
Using tactile senses, we can express our emotion.
We can feel how cold and warm objects are
we can distinguish a variety of textures.
We can also sense danger or threat and alert our body.
D.
Owing to this broad bandwidth of information.
Haptic feedback has been adopted to serve various
purposes, for instance, to notify user through electronic
devices,
to allow eyes-free, interaction for immersive, experience
during VR, and games.
And also, to serve educational purposes, just to name a few
this versatility of tactile feedback attracted interest,
from not only commercial sector, but also research community in
HCI.
And thanks to that in recent years.
We've seen a series of Innovations, which enables Back
with higher resolution for instance, skin direct displays
on the left, succeeded in rendering 12 types of stimuli.
While the ticular on the right was able to analyze subtle
tickling sensation using, literally moving bars.
What makes this high resolution possible is in fact at the
expense of complicated mechanical systems, which
consume power to deform and stimulate the skin,
due to the rigidity in form factor the applications, hardly
go beyond the forearm leaving the rest of the body unexplored
territory.
But our vision was different.
We saw great potential in exploring a broader range of
body locations through more compliant and Durable foam
factors.
Looking for compliance form factors.
We were naturally drawn to knitting
needing stands out among many textile base fabrication method
because of its unique structural flexibility.
And this flexibility allows needing to play an extensive
role in smart garment fabric sensing system and even
architecture as scale,
so inspired by that nature.
Ms, is composed of two primary materials shape, memory alloy
which contracts upon receiving heat
and need a substrate
without any additional mechanical system Niche or me
zap.
Four types of textile feedback on 6, body locations.
Here I'm going to share a part of our case, studies
demonstrating how this for stimuli were delivered through
just to mechanisms.
So the case that is here can be boiled down to two mechanisms
to let interfaces to form either skin or themselves.
So when they actually can happens involving direct
movement of skin.
The skin shifting is an action.
Whereas if the interface deform itself without causing skin to
actually move, then it represents self shifting
Taking pinch feedback as an example of skin shifting with
the specific part of the interface attached to the skin.
The smes embedded in the knitted channels would move the
skin regions as they actuate on.
The other hand, taking the brushing feedback.
The smas embedded in the channels
would only crumple the interface but not affect the
skin directly.
So you might have noticed that the interfaces came in
different shapes and the way that ass Amaze our integrated
is inconspicuous
to make it possible.
We've adopted three Eating techniques.
First the tubular Jacquard merges two layers of knit
structure which creates internal channels to
accommodate smes and other functional materials.
Then for interfaces that Contour curved body parts, we
took advantage of 2D shaping techniques
in the pinch case.
This non rectilinear shape was achieved by increasing stitches.
Towards the end.
All three techniques Illustrated here can be
implemented in conjunction with tubular Jacquard.
And lastly, for interfaces that cover protruded body locations
such as knuckle or elbow, we adopted either short rowing or
combination technique
for the picture to case study the dark region of the
substrate were short road, raising volume to otherwise
flatten its structure.
3D shaping can also be implemented in conjunction with
tubular Jacquard.
And here, I'm going to elaborate on how and it
Germany's was fabricated.
So with desired, actuation in mind we program our designs on
the Apex.
Trigger which is then read in by shimazaki kneading machine.
Then we choose your arms with appropriate mechanical
properties and with that we make decisions upon details
such as density of the structure or needed speed.
Once the substrate are needed, we place them on body to see if
the smes conformed to desire location but successful
substrate.
We thread in functional materials and finally connect
them to a power source.
Moving on, I'm going to pick up on our case studies earlier and
explain in detail.
Dale.
so once again case studies comprise 8 interfaces
outputting four types of feedback on to 6, body locations
In this case, study delivery of compression is being enabled by
letting interface deform itself.
We configure two strands of smes along the circumference of
the arm, using the tubular Jacker structure
and the crimp connectors at number one, anchor, the smas so
that the tangential contraction would translate into radio
compression
here is another case study for compression which recognizes
different skin geometry.
To conform to your regular body terrain.
This case study takes advantage of drawing, which gives volume
to the dark region.
And again tubular Decker Channel, help two lines of smes
contoured of protrusion and generate actuation.
This case study employees longitudinal movement of SMS to
deliver subtle brushing stimulus.
In this case, we've got four, smas traversing along the
longitude of arm
and the brushing feedback was generated as they crumpled
interface without actually moving the skin.
Again, the smas are contained in the tubular jecker channels.
What's different with this case study?
Is that an employee's skin shifting to render twisting
feedback.
We have a new material introduced here at number three,
on additive tape.
So by having two tapes attached under the location of smes, the
contraction happening in the opposite, directions would
create a sensation similar to ringing.
Our last case study in this presentation is pinch which
represents another example of skin shifting.
Again with the help of artists of tapes attached on the edges
of the interface.
The contraction of Assamese would bring the skin regions
closer emulating, a pinch
To evaluate effectiveness of net dermis?
We conducted mixed method user study,
which comprised functional study phase and semi-structured
interview phase.
During the functional evaluation phase, we were
curious to know whether participants were comfortable
around it dermis
and whether the technology it by was noticeable,
and lastly if participants were able to distinguish the
feedback.
So to answer this inquiries we conduct a statistical analysis.
So with Comfort, we had a global average of five point
four eight out of seven with the highest rating obtained by
brushing at 6.04.
Whereas the lowest rating was at pinch on hand with 5.21,
so our model suggested that people were generally
comfortable around our interfaces.
However, because of that, no significant main effect was
discovered
with no disability.
However, there was a distinct within subject tendency leading
to a significant main effect of interface.
Participant found compression on knuckle, the most noticeable
with score of six point two.
Whereas compression on knee
report is substantially low with the rating of 1.37.
Last inquiry was whether a participants can distinguish
the feedback.
So normalized prediction Matrix on the left reveal that the
brushing was predicted most accurately.
Obtaining hundred percent followed by pinch twist and
compression
and relative frequency histogram on the right
Illustrated that brushing on wrist
and pinching on hand achieved.
The highest production rate.
And during subsequent semi-structured interview, we
were interested in how people perceive Noble, textile
interfaces, especially with regards to existing object
experiences and representations
and also the Envision usage and application of dermis.
So the way participants Associated net drum is, was
mainly through their forms and actuation ask the reform.
They pointed out that need Jeremy's was more soft natural
and familiar in comparison to a commercial wearable devices
there.
They also noted that
interfaces were very intimate and close to the body
as to the actual ation.
Participant commented, that gradual stimulation was in
comparison to digital devices which in turn evoked.
Descriptors such as animated having a mind of its own
Caterpillar and friendly.
Many participants suggested using the dermis as a
distributed notification system highlighting its body
Conformity.
While the other suggested integrating the dermis into
day-to-day clothing.
Other Envision usages included, protective clothing, for
physical and sports therapy, and also an intimate interface
that can be worn on more private bodily locations.
So in conclusion, we presented machine needing as a versatile
fabrication method for a tactile interfaces
and art case studies demonstrated, how in it
Germany's can be applied to body parts that have been
traditionally overlooked
and we evaluated it dermis through a mixed method.
Study who's quantitative result rebuild the effectiveness and
comfort of knit dermis
while semi-structured interviews.
Highlighted how The Germ is evoked Impressions, such as
lifelike and intimate.
So this was my presentation.
Thank you so much for listening.