All right, everyone Cody-don here, welcome back to my lab. So today, I've got
200 of these in n-52 neodymium iron-boron rare-earth magnets.
They're a 1/4 inch wide and an eighth inch tall cylinders
But they're very strong for their size. Now I've been playing with these and I've kind of realized
They do behave similarly to, say,
molecules, it's not exactly the same, but there are some similarities and can I push these together you can see
Chemical reaction happened, you know they get close enough, and they'll slam together
so it's kind of like I had some polar molecules that like to link up into chains or
this would be the crystal structure here, so you got cleavage this plane and
This plane here and a brittle fracture along this plane. You can see
now if I
Warm it up, so this crystal you know the molecules here (the magnets) aren't really moving around relative to each other
So this would be at near absolute zero, but if I warmed it up, you know give it some energy
Start doing this you can see that
I wind up with something that resembles a liquid they don't really get away from each other and they keep trying to
Connect into the form but then they get moved
around and they kind of slide around past each other
now if I stop moving around they kind of
Line Up back into the Crystal structure or
lining up like this, so that'd be like a fibrous crystal structure there, so
Doing a gas with this would be more difficult
Because you know I'd have to really shake them up to get them to come apart
But there is a way to do it because these
Magnets, they don't really stick
In any orientation other than one, so if they're in the wrong orientation, they'll repel. Now, some molecules do do that
The orientation does matter in a lot of chemical reactions
But what I can do here is use the table to like hold them into a position
And now you've got something that actually sort of resembles a gas. I
Want to try making something; I've got some sheets of glass and some aluminium Spacers here
Let's sandwich these between two sheets of glass
that way they are not able to flip around and
join Together like that. The sheets of aluminium here are
1/8 inch thick so the same thickness as these magnets
So I will have to add another piece of like paper or something to give them just a little bit more thickness
so that the magnets are able to slide around without
too much friction
Alright, so I'm adding in the magnets, as you can see
they're repelling each other I
Got these ones here in the middle they're being levitated I
love how they bounce
so I got about half of them in and as you can already see the
Space between them down here is much smaller than it is up here
Because the weight of all the magnets up top is pushing down and forcing these down here closer together
So it's almost like as you go up you're increasing in elevation
I put one in backwards, so this is kind of like adding a say a Boron atom to a bunch of fluorine gas
see
Two of them have already like reacted with it. I jiggle it around a little bit see I'll get a third one yet, so
Now I've got a trigonal planar molecule here which?
In this context is similar to Boron trifluoride
And if I shake it around you can see it acts. Just like any other gas molecule in there
You know it's just a little bit heavier than the others in fact
if I
Work it around enough. You should see it starts to move down to the bottom
Yeah, the heavy gas right so it's going to work its way down, but you'll notice doesn't just drop straight down there's
You know there's quite a bit of force still pushing it up. So it actually takes
It's got a slight downward trend, but it's not going to just drop straight through the molecules here
That's why gases are able to mix so well
They do sort of separate but they don't separate a lot especially if they're shaking around a whole lot
The gas Molecules are going to fully mix that's why if you mix hydrogen and oxygen together
They will mix rather than have the oxygen settle to the bottom
The Oxygen will be more prevalent at the bottom but it won't completely exclude the hydrogen
right so I think I can get this back out of there I
Might be like it actually bonded mate at four. That's kind of cool a
Little Tricky looks like I can pull it out there. We go okay, so I'm just going to keep that come in now
Let's finish off all of us 200 of these
There is one problem with this model
And that's the fact that these molecules are not moving in a gas unless it was cooled absolute zero
there would always be some motion and even if it was at absolute zero and
Also, if you could be asked down that much they would
Come together and stick and form a solid or perhaps a liquid in the case of helium now
Here's one way I could impart a little bit of motion that's to bring a magnet nearby and just kind of flip the poles
Kind of vibrate them - yeah.
In a gas they're constantly bouncing off of each other and on average the effect is
kind of like a repulsion repulsive effect
So this is sort of simulating that so what I've got here is basically a simulated
Cylinder filled with a supercritical gas in which was really dense gas or gravity has a
Strong effect on it so now I'm going to take a piston
And let's push down on this gas
We'll see you ahead. What it does?
Look at that. I can compress it now you get a little bit of a
vibration so that
it sort of balances out
Frictions a little bit high here, and if I can keep pushing down
Hopefully this doesn't explode again if I can get the gas
to compress
Yeah
It actually gets really hard to compress at this point and putting a lot of pressure on there
And I'm having to hold it down with my fingers here
Let's vibr get them all out out to where they should be
You guys see the average distance between them is now shrunk
Okay, let's let this come back up a little bit
right now it's stuck
another vibrated yes comes back
So this actually kind of shows you why the speed of sound is dependent on the velocity of the particles?
If you if they're not vibrating around I release the pressure
They don't move right. They don't come out to fill the gap until I give them a little bit of a motion
Then they'll start to move
Can you do that behind it I?
can try
Then they'll move to
Fill the space there is now give it to them
That's money easier is to give them a shake here
and
That is of course why the speed of sound depends on the temperature of the gas?
Not the pressure the vibration of the molecules that allow them to jiggle out and move into the space
It's not the the pressure the distance between them that doesn't really matter
it does a little bit, but not a whole lot, so I'm Gonna put I
Like to put top over this so gas expands to fill its space, but it's not filling its entire space whats up effect
So it's gravity that's pulling down see if I remove gravity
See see the gases pink is coming out of this. I'm not holding it down tight enough
See, if I remove gravity, it does spread out see
When you go up in elevation on the Earth the pressure decreases
when you're climbing a mountain
Pressure goes down because the gas doesn't have as much pressure as much gas on top of it so finding them out
you're probably going from my here to here there's
up to here within your space
There we go. I have jammed in another piece so I can actually pull this and shake it around
Looks like that piece got stuck
anyway
there you go a little a container full of my
simulated gas yeah
fun little toy really
Anyway, hope y'all enjoyed. I'll see you next time
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