PAUL JAY: Welcome to The Real News Network. I'm Paul Jay in Washington. Across the world,
the struggle over who's going to pay for the crisis continues, from Greece to Washington,
DC, and of course to Cairo, Egypt, where on Friday mass protests broke out again against
the new state budget, which puts the burden of paying for the crisis on poor Egyptians.
Wealthy Egyptians are not going to be paying any property tax or capital gains tax. And
how are the wealthy responding to all of this? Well, apparently, they're walking their dollars
out of the country. According to The Jerusalem Post, perhaps not the most objective source
when it comes to Egypt, but at any rate, something over $130 billion a year in capital flight
at a time when Egypt desperately needs money in order to make sure people can eat. Now
joining us from Cairo is Lina Attalah. She's managing editor of the English edition of
the Egyptian paper Al-Masry Al-Youm. She's also written for Reuters, The Cairo Times,
The Daily Star, and many other papers. Thanks for joining us, Lina.
LINA ATTALAH: Thank you.
JAY: So start by telling us what took place in Tahrir Square on Friday and across Egypt.
And how is this continuing?
ATTALAH: On Friday there had been plans for protests nationwide and not just in Cairo's
Tahrir Square. So there have been protests elsewhere. And the main function of those
protests was basically that the main demands of the revolution have not been yet fulfilled
by either the interim government or the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces. Besides the issue
of the prosecutions of the regime's figures and the policemen who are implicated in the
killing of protesters on 25 January revolution, there are also a lot of demands, economic
demands, with regards to social justice. Social justice has been the main chant and the main
slogan and the main theme of this revolution that has in fact united all people across
the board to make this revolution happen. And there have been a lot of signs that this
demand is far from being fulfilled and committed to by the interim government. Now, the main
manifestation of this is the state budget, which has been revised several times, and
across the revisions, there hasn't been any sign of any real commitment to striking social
justice.
JAY: Give us some of the examples of some of the most contentious issues. I guess you
could start with the issue of taxation. There was some--one of the demands, if I understand
it correctly, is there should be at least some kind of capital gains tax, some kind
of property tax. And what's happening with that?
ATTALAH: We have a real problem with the budget, and that is that we have a deficit of over
11 percent, a budget deficit, and the government has been struggling to close this deficit.
Now, a very straightforward way of doing it is, obviously, to tax the stock market, is
to tax capital gains. However, when there have been talks about possible taxations of
this sort, the following day the businessman community started warning that such moves
would be to the detriment of the investments atmosphere in the country, in which case it
won't be a good idea to go for that. So it's another case that shows us the persistence
of the power politics of the businessmen community, of the capitalist community in the country
over the ruling elites.
JAY: On the other end of the scale, there's actually no exemption for the lowest-paid
workers, which is kind of remarkable.
ATTALAH: Yeah. And not only that, the other way the budget shows a very nonegalitarian
attitude towards different citizens, or at least no care about the lower-income communities,
is the minimum wage, is the national minimum wage. Now, you might know that there have
been for a long time calls to raise the minimum national wage to EGP 1,200 per month, and
there has been even a court ruling allocating for such a raise. However, there has been
no commitment from the government, from the interim government, to raise that. In fact,
in the first budget revision, we had it raised to EGP 600, which is a little less than half
of the EGP 1,200, and even in the second revision, the government opted to even lower this national
minimum wage to EGP 650, which shows that if they are trying to compromise any group,
any segment of society, in order to close this budget deficit, it's mostly the poorest.
JAY: Now, what about what's happening on pensions? 'Cause they had promised some kind of pension
reform.
ATTALAH: There have been some resorts to scrapping the annual rates of pensions in order to close
the budget deficit, and that's another attempt to close the budget deficit. But, again, after
a series of protests by pensioners, they decided to go ahead with the--they decided to go ahead
with the annual rates of pensions. And that shows how state action is still quite powerful
in changing the course of things. But it's still not enough. It's--what's happening is
not enough.
JAY: So talk about how successful were the protests on Friday. And how is it continuing?
ATTALAH: The protests on Friday were quite successful, in the sense that there have been
a lot of contentions around how badly those protests are affecting the economy. And there
have been this urban myth that those protests are basically hurting investments, hurting
the economy. So a lot of people were a little cynical to the extent to which people could
show up on the streets on 8 July, on Friday. However, people opted to actually take to
the streets. And there was a little over 50,000 people in Tahrir Square, but then, overall,
a little more than 1 million people across the nation taking to the streets that day
to demand social justice. One sign of the success of those protests is that they have
been extended to an open-ended sit-in until some of the revolution's demands are met.
And we are just hoping that it will be a showcase in the economic decision-making process. Prime
Minister Essam Sharaf gave word two days ago that he will be summoning a committee of economic
experts in order to study the budget yet again and to see how social justice can be furthered
through this budget. Now, I don't know what this will amount for. We have a real challenge,
which is the budget deficit. So I have no idea how those two contentions are going to
be balanced, but we will see.
JAY: Now, how serious is the food crisis? We understand it's always been one of the
motivating factors in the revolution, but we understand the situation's getting worse.
ATTALAH: Basically, we know that there are a lot of food reserves that are waning, that
are dropping. And there--and this is also conflicting with the fact that in August starts
the month of Ramadan, which is a high month of consumption. And given the facts that reserves
are dropping, prices are rising, we do expect a lot more food strikes than we saw in the
last few days. It is a huge challenge for the government.
JAY: I've read reports that some of the government-owned food reserves, through corruption, are actually
being sold for export when they're supposed to be meant for people's consumption. Do you
know anything about this?
ATTALAH: This is a very common issue. The main problem has been with rice, for example.
We don't have a bad rice production, local rice production, but the problem is that most
of it is exported, which is obviously a policy geared towards making money rather than making
sure that there is enough rice for people to consume. So it's a very common thing. But
it's also--it's beyond food commodities. It's the same story with gas, for example. We have
a huge gasoline crisis, for example, but then most of our gas is being exported at lower
price rates than the international market rates to places like Jordan and Israel. So
it's a common policy.
JAY: Now, how much do these, the current government's policies--essentially, jumping on the austerity
train that we're seeing in Greece and United States and other countries--how much has this
got to do with meeting the demands of the, you know, international banking community,
the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank? How much is that driving what's taking
place in Egypt?
ATTALAH: We are not scrapping international money from the deal at all, because we can't
just afford to do that. We--there is no capital flow, simply, and we have to depend on some
international money. The question is what politics this international money will bring
along. So while World Bank and IMF would mean some strings attached, but also money coming
from the Gulf does not mean, either, that there won't be any political strings attached.
JAY: And what happened to the $40 billion that was pledged by all these Western governments
not long after the revolution? There was this meeting that took place, and they were going
to pledge all this money. Is any of that actually showing up?
ATTALAH: The G-8 money. Well, this is also another thing. This money has not been scrapped,
has not been rejected by the government. And, in fact, this is the more interesting. An
OPEC deal for us, it's not talked about much, but the only talk we hear is that those grants
are very similar to the grants that were made to Eastern European countries in their transitional
democracies. And the experiences--the experience with those loans is that they still highly
encouraged and interfered in the development of a market-based economy model in those transitions.
So I'm not sure the extent to which this will be similar in Egypt, but I'm also not sure
this is something that Egypt wants to get into after three decades of crony capitalism
being married to corrupt politics and producing a revolution at the end of the day.
JAY: So in terms of the sit-in that's taking place now, how big is it, and what are the
specific demands?
ATTALAH: We have a few thousand people staying in the Tahrir Square now, but we also have
no less than 5,000 people taking over the Arbaeen Square in Suez, and also increasingly
threatening of blocking the Suez Canal, the number one revenue generator for the country.
The main demand is, besides social justice, people demand immediate prosecution of the
top of regime figures and all those who have been implicated in killing protesters during
the revolution.
JAY: Thanks very much for joining us, Lina.
ATTALAH: No problem.
JAY: And thank you for joining us on The Real News Network.