hello and welcome again
Here we will cover the second topic of the first unit
that is basics of computer to explain about the concept of computer.
let's take a real life example
suppose a customer wants to purchase a pen
he will go to the shopkeeper and ask for the pen
after listening to him he will find a pen according to the description given by the customers
and gives the pen to the customer
so here the description given by the customers is considered as input
and when the shopkeeper listens to him and find stop and according to the given description will be termed as processing
and lastly the pen given by the shopkeeper to the customers is the final output
similarly computer is an electronic device which is used to take information from the user in the form of data
and process it perform operations on it
and give output to the user's
data can be any number any alphabet etc.
computer is basically a combination of computer hardware and computer software
now let's talk about the computer hardware first.
The physical component of the computer system is called as computer hardware
for example keyboard/mouse, monitor speakers and many more
next come to the computer software
these are the programs that you can run on the computer hardware
and no one can touch them physically
for example when you start up the computer and
the first that you see on the screen is a kind of computer software
computer software comes with the various categories like
some softwares are used to operate the system
for example operating system
without operating system user cannot interact with the computers hardware
windows XP windows vista windows 7 windows 8 these all are the operating system
some software is designed to fulfill a particular need of a person
for example microsoft world Facebook whatsapp and many more
according to your needs you can install any application software
Some softwares is designed to study and to maintain our computers
for example antivirus
it protect your device from the virus.
Virus is just an unwanted files or program
which can harm or damage your system by corrupting are destroying the data
the relationship in between computer hardware and computer software is both are equally dependent upon each other
without hardware software cannot be installed and without software computer hardware is useless
let's cover the subtopic component of computers
input devices output devices cpu and storage devices
these are the components of the computer
let's begin with the input devices
to explain you about the input devices
let's take a reference of human body
like our ears and eyes are the input used to take information from the environment
similarly in the case of computers some devices are used to take information from the user
for example keyboard, mouse, touch screen, scanner, etc.
these are the examples of input devices
now let's begin with the keyboard
it is a set of keys that enable you to enter the data into the computer
there is no standard size of keyboard
but the generally used keyboard is having 104 keys along with it.
Keyboard having 84,101 and 108 keys are also available in the market
you will able to write on the screen by pressing the keys of the keyboard
let's come to the device that is mouse.
It is also very important input device
this is basically a hand control device, or a pointing device used to move faster on the screen
it has two buttons called left and right button, a wheel between the buttons
and round ball at its base which senses the movement of the mouse
and sends signal to the cpu when the buttons are pressed.
next come to the scanner.
This is a device which is used to convert hard copy of the data into the soft copy
the data can be any document any image etc
The information available on the paper can be transferred to the hard disk to the computers for further operations
The scanned document can be edited again and again for any requirement
now next come to the microphone
it is also an input device also called as Mike
which takes sound as input and stores that sounds into the digital form
it is also used to record any audio to speak with the larger audience
it helps you to increase the volume of the human voice
now next come to the second component that are output devices
To explain about the output devices
let's again take the reference of human body
your mouth is considered as output which is used to give information to the person in the form of speaking
similarly in the case of computers some devices are used to give the information to the user
for example monitor, printer, speaker and many more output devices
now let's begin with the monitor
it is the main output device of the computer
also called as visual display unit
The results produced by the CPU will be displayed on the screen
and the user can view the programs and operations on the monitor
and can control the program operations with the use of mouse.
come to the next output device that is printer
Printers are used to produce hard copy of any document images layout etc
All you can say these are printers are used to print any information on the paper
you can take colored as well as black-and-white print as per your requirement
next come to the speaker
it is also very important output device
which gives sound as output.
it is used toconvert audio signal into sound
it is also used to get output on the devices like computers mobile phones in the form of audio like music
let's come to the next component that is CPU central processing unit.
It is the brain of the computers
All the calculations and comparisons are done inside the CPU.
it performs all types of data processing operations
CPU itself has three parts: storage unit control unit and arithmatic and logic unit
Now lets come with the little bit detail
Storage unit: it is used to store instruction data intermediate as well as final results
it is also known as internal storage unit or main memory
next come to the control unit
control unit controls all the operations in the computer
It coordinate the transfer of data or instructions among other units
last but not the least arithmetic and logic unit
it performs all calculations like addition subtraction multiplication and division
and it is also used to perform operations like comparing selecting matching are merging of data
let us come to the last component that is storage devices
these are the devices on which you can store data or information either temporarily or permanently.
RAM is the best example of temporary storage
whereas pendrive, memory card, hard disk are the examples of permanent storage
thank you