foreign
ERS today I'm going to be bringing you the bones of the lower extremity lesson two so let's start
with the hip bones so the hip bone or the pelvic bone is when you put your hands on your hips
that's the ilium okay so the pelvic bone is made up of three bones the ilium the ischem which is
the one you sit on and then the pubis the pubic symphysis is in the front those three bones make
up the pelvic bone now both pelvic bones make up the pelvic girdle okay so you need both bones to
have the pelvic girdle and so these three bones articulate with a femur the femur is the strongest
the longest and the heaviest in the body and the head of the femur articulates or joins at the
acetabulum or acetabellum depending who's who's pronouncing it but the acetabellum is where the
ball and socket of the femur and the hip bone join okay so here on the femur you've got your
greater trochanter the femur is the only bone that has a greater trochanter and that is for
a bone muscles to attach onto the bone so you've got the insertions of the gluteus medius gluteus
Minimus piriformis and most of the deep rotators they insert right at the greater trochanter you
can feel it is that bump right below the hip is that bump that's a greater troll counter the
Lesser troll counter is more medially and that is for the psoas major and iliacus where they
insert so you need to start learning the Bony landmarks of the bones because that's usually
where muscles you know attach or insert so this is the proximal end and this is the
distal end of the femur proximal because it's closer to the midline distal because it's further
away from the midline and you only use proximal and distal on the limbs you do not use proximal
and distal in the Torso you don't say the belly button is distal to the chin no that would be
inferior or Superior if it's in the Torso you only use proximal and distal on the limbs the
arms and the legs now this is considered the thigh and this is considered the leg
so there's a quiz question that says how many bones are in the leg you need to know
there's two because this is the leg this is the thigh this is for medical reasons this is how you
know you need to learn this so then the femur is the strongest longest and um strongest longest and
cut that out because I said it at the beginning strongest longest and heavy is okay
let me say that again the femur is the strongest longest and heaviest in the body and at the distal
end you have the condyles this is the medial condyle this is the lateral condyle and then
you have your epicondyls Epi the prefix means on top so the Epi the condyles on top of the
condyles and this is where it articulates with the tibia you know the the condyles kind of
look like your knuckles they articulate with the tibia for flexion and extension
now let's talk about the patella the patella is your largest sesamoid bone and it is attached
is it's actually embedded in the tendons of the quads so it doesn't join another bone okay it's
it's a system or bone that's kind of floating but it does insert and is embedded in the tendon
from the from the quads because the quads go from here and insert at the tibial tuberosity just uh
you know just like you had your your deltoid tuberosity the tibia has the uh quad the tibia
tuberosity so this is the tibia and then this is the proximal end this is the distal end here
it also has condyles the condyles of the tibia the tibial tuberosity and the medial malleolus
that's your medial ankle bone is from the tibia the way you're going to remember your tibia tibia
starts with t with a letter T and it's thick it's thicker than the fibula fibula is on the lateral
side so think of this fibio la la la La fibula it's on the la la lateral side lateral side of
the leg and it doesn't articulate with a femur it articulates with a tibia so here's the head of
the fibula and it's a smaller bone it only bears like 10 percent of your weight it doesn't Bear all
of your weight the one that bears your weight of your whole body is the tibia so the fibula is the
part of the lateral malleolus your ankle bone this bone that you feel right here is the distal part
of the fibula so you've got and and they kind of connect a little bit with the interosseous
membrane interosseous membrane gives it a little bit more mobility and also security so they can
move together so that you don't break your bones so anyway remember this is the leg so now we're
moving down to the tarsals metatarsals phalanges so the tarsals with a t they go where your toes go
remember the carpals with a c is what you drive the car with so if it had if there are tarsals
they go where your toes go okay and there's some seven of them you've got let me see if I
remember all of them but there's seven you've got your uh talvis calcaneus the navicular
the let me see what else the medial cuneiform intermediate uniform and the lateral cuneiform
and then the cuboid so there's seven of them here and and the calcaneus is the largest it's
this one here that's where your Achilles tendon inserts the calcaneus tendon is the largest in
your body also known as the Achilles tendon but you need to start learning the medical terms so
the calcaneal bone is the largest and then the talus is the one that gives you the arch on your
on the top of your foot then you've got your four metatars I mean I'm sorry five metatarsals
the metatosphere number one is where the uh hallux is on the side of the hallux this is
your big toe and then they go uh one two three four five all the way to the pinky so this the
little toe is the fifth one and then you've got your phalanges remember your phalanges on your
hallocks this is your hallux this is your Pollux it only has two it only does you know flexion and
extensions so it has a proximal uh phalange and a distal phalange and then the rest of the four
they each have three so that's proximal medial and distal phalange so there's 14 phalanges
five metatarsals seven tarsals and then so in your in your feet alone you have uh 54 bones so 54
bones just on both of your feet and then um your hands that's already 106 bones between your hands
and your feet so you only need to learn really a hundred bones because there's 206 bones right
and out of those 100 bones there's usually two you have two humerus you know two radius two ulnar so
you can even cut that in half really you only have to learn about 50 major ones so it's not that hard
but these are the bones of the lower extremity these are your extremities these are part of the
uh you know of the extremities your arms and your legs but today we did bones of the lower
extremity I hope this helps you keep on studying and until the next time create a great day foreign
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