TO THE UNITED STATES.
MARIA: WHAT ARE YOUR THOUGHTS
ON WHAT'S TAKING PLACE RIGHT
NOW?
THIS IDEA THAT WE'RE ACTUALLY
DEBATING SOCIALISM, THIS
POPULISM TAKING CONTROL, YOUR
NEW BOOK HITTING STORE SHELVES
TODAY.
YOUR NEW BOOK EXAMINES THIS
POPULISM AND UNDERPINNINGS OF
HOW PRESIDENT TRUMP WON THE 2016
ELECTION.
EXPLAIN.
>> IT'S NOT JUST ABOUT PRESIDENT
TRUMP.
YOU SEE IN ALMOST EVERY WESTERN
DEMOCRACY NOW, CANADA'S AN
EXCEPTION, IN ALMOST EVERY
WESTERN DEMOCRACY YOU SEE THE
RISE OF IN A SENSE A TRUMP-LIKE
MOVEMENT.
IT'S A CONSERVATIVE SORT OF
CONSERVATIVE POPULISM THAT HAS
PROBLEMS WITH THE WAY MARKETS,
TRADE POLICY, IMMIGRATION POLICY
HAVE BEEN HANDLED.
MARIA: WE SAW IT IN BRAZIL
YESTERDAY.
YOU'RE SEEING IT IN ITALY AS WE
SPEAK.
>> YOU'RE SEEING IT ALL OVER THE
WORLD.
I KNOW A LOT OF TRADITIONAL
CONSERVATIVES, THE REACTION HAS
BEEN TO BE MONEY
BEEN TO CE MONEY
BEEN TO CONMONEY
BEEN TO CONDENEY
BEEN TO CONDEMNY
BEEN TO CONDEMN IT.
I THINK IT'S IMPORTANT WE LISTEN
TO PEOPLE AND ADJUST OUR
POLICIES TO ADDRESS THE
CONCERNS.
I THINK THE CONCERNS ARE REAL.
I THINK IN SOME CASES THEY'RE
LEGITIMATE.
AS YOU JUST SAID, THE
ALTERNATIVE IF WE DO NOT ADDRESS
THEM IS TO NOT GO BACK TO THE
WAY THINGS WERE.
THE ALTERNATIVE WILL BE LEFT
WING SOCIALISM WHICH I THINK IS
FAR MORE DANGEROUS, WHICH WOULD
TAKE OUR WESTERN ECONOMIES ON AN
INEVITABLE AND LONG-TERM
DECLINE.
MARIA: DO PEOPLE ON THE EXTREME
LEFT PUSHING THIS SOCIALIST IDEA
NOT UNDERSTAND ECONOMICS?
WE'VE SEEN SOCIALISM AT WORK IN
VENEZUELA, FOR EXAMPLE, AND WE
KNOW WHAT IT IS AND HOW IT
IMPACTS THINGS.
>> WELL --
MARIA: WHY HAVE THIS DEBATE?
>> LOOK, IT IS PERPLEXING.
HERE WE HAVE AN ECONOMIC
PHILOSOPHY THAT LITERALLY HAS
FAILED EVERY SINGLE PLACE IT'S
EVER BEEN TRIED.
SOMETIMES MORE SPECTACULARLY
THAN OTHERS.
THAT'S JUST ON THE ECONOMIC
SIDE.
FORGET THE POLITICAL TYRANNY AND
REPRESSION THAT USUALLY COMES
WITH IT.
SO WHY DOES IT KEEP COMING BACK?
YOU KNOW, YOUR GUESS IS AS GOOD
AS MINE.
I FRANKLY ATTRIBUTE IT TO THE
LONG-TERM SUPPORT FOR SOCIALISM,
MARXISM THAT EXISTED.
WE'RE OLD ENOUGH TO REMEMBER THE
FALL OF THE BERLIN WALL.
WHAT STRUCK ME ABOUT THE FALL OF
THE BERLIN WALL, WE FOUND OUT
ALL THE MARXIST WERE ON THE
WESTERN SIDE.
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PERPETUATED.
YOU HAVE GENERATIONS OF PEOPLE
WHO NEVER EXPERIENCED WHAT
SOCIALIST ECONOMICS REALLY MEANS
AND WHAT IT DOES.
MARIA: YOUR NEW BOOK ALSO LAY
OUT HOW BUSINESS LEADERS CAN
ACTUALLY ADAPT IN THIS AGE OF
DISRUPTION.
TELL US ABOUT THAT.
>> THERE'S A LOT OF DIFFERENT
THINGS BUSINESSES NEED TO DO.
I THINK THE MOST IMPORTANT THING
IS TO UNDERSTAND THAT WE'RE IN
AN AGE WHERE PUBLIC OPINION CAN
FORM VERY QUICKLY AND VERY
UNPREDICTABLY THROUGH SOCIAL
MEDIA.
FIRST AND FOREMOST, BUSINESS
LEADERS HAVE TO BE CONSCIOUS OF
HOW THEIR ACTIONS ARE AFFECTING
SOCIETY, WHAT KIND OF
RELATIONSHIPS THEY HAVE IN THE
COMMUNITIES THEY OPERATE IN AND
THE MOST IMPORTANT, SINGLE MOST
IMPORTANT THING THEY NEED TO DO
IS BUILD NETWORKS SO THE PEOPLE
THEY DEAL WITH, SUPPLIERS,
CUSTOMERS, COMMUNITIES,
UNDERSTAND THEIR VALUE
PROPOSITION AND UNDERSTAND HOW
THEY BENEFIT FROM THE ACTIVITIES
OF THE COMPANY BECAUSE IF YOU
DON'T DO THAT, IF YOU DON'T
BUILD THOSE NETWORKS, YOU'RE
EXTREMELY VULNERABLE TO SOME
KIND OF UNPREDICT POLITICAL
UPHEAVAL.
MARIA: YOU COULD APPLY THAT TO
WHAT'S HAPPENING WITH CHINA
RIGHT NOW.
THE PRESIDENT AND ALLIES HAVE
TRIED TO BUILD THIS NETWORK TO
GO UP AGAINST CHINA.
THAT'S WHAT A LOT OF THE CRITICS
OF PRESIDENT TRUMP'S TARIFFS
HAVE BEEN SAYING, LET'S NOT
FIGHT WITH EVERYBODY, LET'S MAKE
SURE EVERYBODY'S ON THE SAME
TEAM AGAINST CHINA.
TELL US ABOUT CHINA'S PRACTICE.
>> THERE'S CRITICISM ABOUT THE
SPECIFICS OF CHINA'S PRACTICES,
THE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY THEFT,
AND THEY'RE REAL.
I THINK THE PROBLEM WITH CHINESE
TRADE IS MORE FUNDAMENTAL.
WE'VE ENDED UP SETTING UP A
SYSTEM POST WTO, I CAN CRITICIZE
THIS, BECAUSE IT HAPPENED BEFORE
I WAS THERE, WHERE REALLY THE
DIE
NIECE
CHECE
CHINESE CAN HAVE WIDE RANGING
ACCESS TO OUR MARKETS.
THEY CAN SELL WHAT THEY WANT,
WHERE THEY WANT, WHAT QUANTITY.
IT IS THE OPPOSITE IN THE CASE
OF US.
WHEN WE GO TO CHINA, WE CAN ONLY
SELL WHAT THE CHINESE SAY WE CAN
SELL, WHEN THEY SAY WE CAN SELL
IT, IN WHAT QUANTITY.
THE MARKET ACCESS IS RADICALLY
DIFFERENT.
YOU'RE SEEING THAT REFLECTED IN
THE TRADE STATISTICS.
YOU WOULD EXPECT A POORER
COUNTRY LIKE CHINA TO HAVE A
TRADE SURPLUS WITH THE UNITED
STATES AND CANADA.
THESE ARE SURPLUSES THAT KEEP
GROWTH AS CHINA'S WEALTH IS
GROWING.
IT'S DUE TO UNEQUAL MARKET
ACCESS.
I BELIEVE IF YOU LOOK TO YOUR
COUNTRY, THE UNITED STATES, YOU
HAVE A SITUATION WHERE YOU HAVE
A COUNTRY THAT IS POTENTIALLY
LARGER AND A GEOPOLITICAL RIVAL
HAVING UNEQUAL ACCESS TO THE
UNITED STATES MARKET.
I THINK THIS IS A VERY SERIOUS
ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL PROBLEM.
AND WHILE I CAN DISAGREE WITH --
WE CAN DEBATE SOME OF TRUMP'S
TACTICS, THE FACT THAT HE'S
WILLING TO ADDRESS THIS I THINK
IS VERY IMPORTANT.
MARIA: I THINK YOU MAKE A
REALLY IMPORTANT POINT IN TERMS
OF MARKET ACCESS.
NOW, THE CHINESE HAVE SAID OKAY,
IN FIVE YEARS YOU WILL BE ABLE
TO OWN OUTRIGHT A COMPANY THAT
IS CHINESE IN FIVE YEARS IN THE
AUTO SECTOR OR IN THE BANKING
SECTOR, RATHER.
WE'LL SEE WHAT THAT MEANS.
SO IF THEY COULD OPEN UP MARKETS
THAT WOULD BE ONE TRI.
WHAT
VIAT
VICTORY.WHAT ARE YOUR THOUGHTS O
VICTORY.WHAT ARE YOUR THOUGHTS N
VICTORY.WHAT ARE YOUR THOUGHTS T
VICTORY.WHAT ARE YOUR THOUGHTS E
NATIONAL SECURITY PART OF THIS.
THAT'S ANOTHER ISSUE FOR THE
ADMINISTRATION.
CHINA STARTED CREATING ISLANDS
IF THE SOUTH CHAI YA
IF THE SOUTH CHII YA
IF THE SOUTH CHINAYA
IF THE SOUTH CHINA SEA.
THEY DON'T OWN THE SOUTH CHINA
SEA.
THEY'RE PUTTING MILITARY BASES
ON THE ISLANDS.
>> THERE'S BEEN AN ASSERTION IN
MANY CIRCLES THAT CHINA'S
NATIONALISM IS STRICTLY
DEFENSIVE OR STRICTLY INWARD
LOOKING.
I THINK YOU'RE SEEING GROWING
SIGNS THAT CHINA REALLY DOES
HAVE A MORE AGGRESSIVE POSTURE
THAN PEOPLE THINK AND THE
BUILDING OF ISLANDS IN THE SOUTH
CHINA SEA IS FRANKLY OUTRAY
JUST.
CHINESE -- OUTRAGEOUS.
CHINESE TERRITORIAL CLAIMS WHICH
GO HUNDREDS OF MILES FROM THEIR
SHORE, TO THE COAST OF OTHER
COUNTRIES IN THE REGION, THESE
ARE NOT REASONABLE CLAIMS.
WE WANT TO ENGAGE CHINA ECONOMIC
AT THIS.
THERE'S ADVANTAGES TO BE HAD.
CHINA IS A BETTER PLACE TODAY
THAN IT WAS MANY YEARS AGO, BUT
NEVERTHELESS, THIS COMBINATION
OF TRADE AGGRESSION AND
INCREASINGLY MILITARY AND
STRATEGIC AGGRESSION I THINK
SHOULD CONCERN US MANUFACTURE
MARIA: MR. PRIME MINISTER, IT'S
GREAT TO SEE YOU.