Welcome to Space News from the Electric Universe,
brought to you by The Thunderbolts Project™
at Thunderbolts.info
New scientific reports provide yet another devastating blow
to the standard theory of planet formation.
In recent years, we've reported on a stunning series of discoveries
that completely confound the more than two and a half centuries old nebular hypothesis.
The Electric Universe theory has always proposed that planets do not form from accretion
in gravitationally collapsing nebular clouds.
Rather, The Thunderbolts Project's chief science advisor Wal Thornhill
has always proposed two mechanisms of planet formation.
One is the formation of planets by the electromagnetic z-pinch effect
along the same filaments where stars are now known to form.
And other planets are later ejected from the cores of the gas giants.
The accretion hypothesis has failed both experimentally and observationally.
As noted in a recent news report,
"According to the traditional story of the origin of the solar system,
the planets formed slowly from accretion,
as particles in the circumstellar disk clumped together to great pebbles,
then slightly larger spheres, on and on until they reached their current size.
But when scientists try to re-create this story with computer models, it breaks down.
Rather than growing, these incipient planets tend to splinter after reaching pebble size."
And today, new scientific research into the planet-forming conditions
in so-called young star systems has delivered another shocking blow to standard theory.
In a paper published in the journal Astronomy & Astrophysics,
scientists describe their attempts to determine how much material
is present in the disks around stars
that are thought to be only one to three million years old.
When they compared their estimates to the masses of star systems
that have fully formed planets,
they realized that the so-called young stars did not have enough matter in their discs
to eventually form planets.
The conundrum is described in a recent phys.org report which states,
"Until now, space scientists have believed that star systems form
due to space dust coalescing into a star.
Once the star gets going, a protoplanetary disk usually forms around the star.
It is believed the gas and dust that make up the disk
are leftovers from material involved in creating the star.
As more time passes,
the material in the disk tends to clump together until gravity takes over,
attracting more of the material in the disk.
Eventually, most of the material from the disk
is incorporated into planets that orbit the star.
But this new evidence suggests that there is not enough material in the disk
of the average early star system
to create the average number and size of planets
that come to exist a few million years later."
A very similar conundrum has been posed for the standard theory of star formation.
In our Electric Universe, it is not a coincidence that stars tend to form in groups
along spectacular snake-like filaments.
Standard theory had originally proposed
that massive stars would form in individual proto-stellar clouds.
But consider these images of a stellar nursery in the aptly named Snake Nebula
where a number of stars are forming along the filament
and the stars themselves break up along a cylinder.
This is in stark contrast to gravitational theory
which predicts that a center of mass exists
toward which all of the surrounding material in the cloud
tends to move and to congregate to eventually form a star.
What's more, just as a fatal deficit of matter is observed in the disks about stars
to form a typical number of planets,
scientists studying the Snake Nebula
found that the material needed to be drawn in to form massive stars
is far less than gravitational models predict.
In 2014, the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics issued a press release
which stated,
"Previous theories proposed that high-mass stars form within very massive isolated 'cores'
weighing at least 100 times the mass of the Sun.
These new results show that that is not the case.
The data also demonstrate that massive stars aren't born alone but in groups...
The team also was surprised to find that these two nebular patches
had fragmented into individual star seeds so early in the star formation process.
They detected bipolar outflows and other signs of active, ongoing star formation."
Of course the detection of bipolar outflows
does not match a gravitational infall model at all.
However as Wal Thornhill has proposed in his theory of electrical star formation,
when material is drawn in radially into a filament and begins to form a star
if the energy stored in the material falling towards the star exceeds a certain amount,
it will discharge
causing proto stellar jets which go out along the axis of the filament
which has also been observed.
Yet another aspect of star formation that fits far better with the Electric Universe
is the astonishing abundance of binary stars,
an admitted intractable problem in standard astronomy.
In the next episode of Space News,
Wal Thornhill will explain why the double-lobed form seen throughout the cosmos
is the product of the predominant electromagnetic force
shaping matter at all scales in the universe.
We now offer this brief preview of his presentation.
On August 24th, phys.org published The Origin of Binary Stars.
It makes the admission that
"The origin of binary stars has long been one of the central problems of astronomy."
It's been found that protostars and young stars
are more likely to be found in binary pairs
strung at intervals along a filament inside a molecular cloud.
"About half of the binaries are in elongated core structures,
and they conclude that the initial cores were also elongated structures...
One of their most significant major conclusions
is that each dusty core of material is likely to be the birthplace of two stars,
not the single star usually modeled."
This raises the real issue that astrophysicists don't understand
how either the filaments or the stars are formed,
something that plasma cosmologists have shown for half a century or more.
Here's an image taken at submillimeter wavelengths of a star-forming core
showing that it contains two young stellar embryos.
The caption says,
"Astronomers have concluded from a systematic study of very young cores
that most embryonic stars form in multiple systems,
and later some of them separate."
The problem is that astrophysicists are using a gravitational accretion model
based on the concept of a center of mass
which doesn't lend itself to preferentially producing pairs of stars.
Meanwhile, the plasma cosmology model is electromagnetic
driven by a linear twisted pair of Birkeland current filaments.
It's an inherently binary phenomenon.
In the Electric Universe, stars and planets are formed along the Birkeland current filament
by a powerful and long-range 1/√r electromagnetic scavenging force
acting on the diffused dust and gas in a molecular cloud.
This compares to the puny short-range 1/r² gravitational force
which cannot form a filament anyway.
On the basis that nature doesn't do anything the hard way,
gravity just isn't the answer!