Hello, welcome everybody, this is Doctor Bolad.
Today I will talk to you about heart disease risk factors in women.
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So let us get started with this video about the cardiovascular risk factors in women
Cardiovascular disease is the number one cause of death worldwide.
There are certain cardiovascular disease risk factors that are specific to women.
Clinicians and patients may have gaps in their awareness of, recognition of, and preparedness
to manage cardiovascular disease risk in women, especially atherosclerotic disease.
atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease includes four major areas:
Coronary heart disease clinically manifested by myocardial infarction, angina pectoris,
and coronary death.
It is a common cause of heart failure.
Cerebrovascular disease clinically manifested by stroke and transient ischemic attack.
Peripheral artery disease clinically manifested by intermittent claudication.
Aortic atherosclerosis and thoracic or abdominal aortic aneurysm.
The presence of vascular disease in one of these territories significantly increases
the likelihood of disease in other vascular distributions.
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide in females
and males, accounting for 4.8 million deaths in females in 2017.
I will now talk about the cardiovascular risk factors specific to women.
i will group them into traditional risk factors, pregnancy associated risk factors and non-pregnancy
related risk factors.
Traditional risk factors.
The general approach to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk assessment and management in
women is similar to that in men, as traditional risk factors are relevant for all adults.
These include high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, family history of coronary heart
disease, elevated blood lipids, chronic kidney disease and lifestyle factors such as smoking,
unhealthy diet and lack of exercise.
Pregnancy related risk factors.
A number of adverse pregnancy outcomes are associated with increased subsequent cardiovascular
risk.
Thus, screening for and managing cardiovascular risk factors is an important component of
care for patients who have experienced adverse pregnancy outcomes.
these factors include:
High blood pressure of pregnancy, also known as hypertensive disorder of pregnancy and
includes preeclampsia, gestational hypertension as well as chronic hypertension occurring
during pregnancy.
Hypertensive disorder of pregnancy is associated with increased risk of developing chronic
high blood pressure after delivery as well as increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular
disease.
Diabetes developing during pregnancy, also referred to as gestational diabetes, is associated
with an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular
disease.
Preterm delivery and delivery of infants with fetal growth restriction.
pregnant women who have a spontaneous delivery prior to 37 weeks of gestation have an increased
risk of developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease when compared with those who deliver
at term.
Adverse cardiovascular outcomes also occur in women delivering an infant with fetal growth
restriction.
Placental abruption is associated with increased subsequent risk of maternal atherosclerotic
cardiovascular disease.
Spontaneous pregnancy loss.
women who have experienced miscarriage or stillbirth have elevated subsequent risk of
cardiovascular disease, particularly coronary heart disease.
Pregnancy loss is also associated with increased risk of developing high blood pressure and
type 2 diabetes.
It has to be noted that lactation has a protective effect.
observational data found that individuals who have lactated have more favorable subsequent
cardiovascular and metabolic profiles and reduced cardiovascular risk compared with
those who have not lactated
And now I will cover the non-pregnancy related cardiovascular disease risks.
A number of conditions are more common in females and are associated with cardiovascular
disease risk.
these include:
Timing of menarche — either early or late menarche appears to be associated with future
cardiovascular disease risk.
Early menopause, occurring at less than age 40, either naturally, surgically, or chemically
is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in women.
polycystic ovary syndrome.
obesity, insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes, and dyslipidemia
are common in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome, and these metabolic disorders increase
the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Autoimmune disease such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and antiphospholipid
antibody syndrome are more common in females and are associated with increased risk of
cardiovascular disease.
Breast cancer.
studies identified an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease death in women with breast cancer.
Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the association between breast cancer and
cardiovascular disease and death including direct adverse effects of cancer therapy on
cardiac function, lifestyle perturbations during and after treatment such as decreased
physical activity and concomitant metabolic alterations and decline in cardiovascular
reserve.
Combined estrogen-progestin contraceptives are associated with increased cardiovascular
risk.
Menopausal hormone therapy is also associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk
in women.
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This is Doctor Bolad, helping you with your heart health, thanks for watching, and talk
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