Hi everyone, My name is Nari Kim, I am a Master student at UNIST in South Korea.
Today, I will introduce Posit, which change the disclosure level of schedule content according to the object’s placement
In shared offices, frequent interactions with others occur.
Privacy could be violated because of
the improper access, storage, and use of data by others
Thus, it is important to protect information privacy by providing users
with different ways of expressing their personal data in a shared office
According to previous research
tangible user interface can increase the user’s awareness
and the readability of the system’s setting state for privacy
So, the design of Posit aims to explore
whether the simple placement changes of a physical device
representing personal information can affect privacy management in shared offices
Studies on privacy in shared offices have been conducted
from filtering people’s appearance to contextual GUI
Research is needed to find ways to help users
take prompt action and consider collaboration efficiency
In this regard, some studies have utilized the merit of a tangible user interface
based on the control and representation
On the other hands, little has been explored
by the field deployment studies of the prototype in shared office
Based on the lessons from previous studies
we designed and implemented a device called Posit
I will introduce Posit’s design process
First, we designed three schedule display modes based on degree of exposure
Blank mode hide all schedules
Shareable mode show only the schedules the user has selected
Whole mode show all schedules
Through ideation for designing interaction with several sketches
we selected the placement change interaction
Placement change interaction makes a physical object explicitly available
and enables the intuitive recognition of the current state as a type of expression
We applied the token+constraint system to represent
the concept of showing each mode through the device’s placement in detail
We selected a desktop calendar as a token that shows schedules
And we selected a plate as the constraint
because a plate makes it easy to check the token’s state
and to change the token’s placement
Finally, we matched the three modes activations with Posit’s placement change interaction
This short video clip show that
Based on the hardware and software development
we built three fully-functional prototypes
To look deeply into how Posit affects overall personal data privacy in a shared office
we conducted three weeks of in-field study with six participants
We recruited six participants who worked in different shared office
Additionally, we interviewed one of the colleagues
sitting near each participant in the same office
Also, the usage log data was recorded whenever the calendar placement changes
Based on that, we could find some common use patterns of Posit
including personal ways of use
Through iterative affinity diagramming
and a triangulation of the analysis of usage logs and the interviews
We got these three findings
I will quickly talk about the summarized key points of findings.
First, five participants stated that Posit’s interaction is convenient
Because it can intuitively recognize the current mode
through the object’s position and quickly adjust modes
Additionally, the four participants noted that
they could change the mode in advance
according to changes in the number or approaches of people around them
We were able to identify which messages on Posit’s position on the participants’ desks
were delivered to their colleagues in the shared offices.
All colleagues did not try to view contents
because Posit contained the participants’ private schedules
At the same time, three colleague's awareness
that Posit was in shareable mode reduced the burden of gaze related to the device
P1’s colleague mentioned that if he saw something in the device,
then he was allowed to see it
In our study, participants had already formed
social relationships between the colleagues of each office
And different social relationships between them affected the use of Posit
First, the P3 and P4 did not share the meaning of Posit’s position
with some individuals who might have found it unpleasant to hide their schedules
Second, three participants noted that sudden mode switching
in front of people who knew the meaning of Posit’s interaction
could be an unpleasant behavior for others
To avoid an awkward situation,
they checked to see when colleagues were approaching
and then changed the mode before they arrived at their seat
Third, although they were concerned about
data exposure with Posit’s unencrypted protection
they believed that their colleagues would not try to move Posit
Based on the findings,
we discuss design implications for privacy management
through interactive physical objects in shared offices
First, we were able to identify two considerations
about physical state change interaction
for privacy management in shared offices
One is ready-to-hand (or ad-hoc) interaction
Ready-to-hand interactions may enable proactive responses
to inappropriate access to personal data that can occur in a shared space
Second consideration is clear representation of the privacy settings
Clear indication of the data’s sensitivity prevent others
from accidentally watching user’s data
Instead, user could show their data to others in a more confident way
And, we discuss social factors of shared spaces
in designing interactions for privacy
The first issue is the timing of users’ visible behavior toward others
Even though participants could quickly change modes
some of them felt awkward and hesitated to change modes
in situations where their colleagues were watching
Additional approaches are required to reduce the subtle discomfort
One way to do this could be to allow a temporary mode change
via simple distance or sound detection of others
The second issue is the level of trust between users and colleagues
Trust relationships between people
can change according to the time or events
As the change in trust is difficult for the device to detect
there is opportunities for designing user experiences in the varying contexts
Thank you for listening
I am really honored to share our studies through this conference