Welcome to Space News from the Electric Universe, brought to you by The Thunderbolts Project™ at Thunderbolts.info
A new scientific study attempts to rewrite the conventional story of how
planets formed. A team of scientists, using images from the Alma and VLA
telescopes, are proposing that planetary formation is a process that happens
exponentially faster than astronomers have ever thought possible. Space
scientists have been puzzled by what appears to be an intractable shortage of
planet-forming dust in the so-called ”mature disks” of stars in the Milky Way
galaxy. As we reported in 2018, astronomers using Alma attempted to
determine how much material is present in the disks around stars that are
thought to be only one to three million years old. When they compared their
estimates to the masses of star systems that have fully formed planets, they
realized that the so-called “young star” systems, did not have enough matter in
their discs to eventually form planets. According to the new paper, scheduled for
publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics, the answer to this puzzle
is that planet formation is a much more rapid process than astronomers have ever
believed. The scientists propose that a sufficient amount of dust to form
planets around a parent star, arises surprisingly early in a star's life. As
the lead author of the paper stated, "..we need to look earlier instead of looking
for missing mass.” The team concludes that around stars thought to be as young as
100,000 years old, planet formation has already begun. The co-author of the paper
states, “The implication of this discovery is profound. For decades, we've thought
that planet formation should happen during the proto-planetary disk phase, but
by pushing the beginning stage of planet formation back, we have to rethink what
the birthplace of planets actually look like.” In recent years, scientific
discovery has forced a similar crisis on the question of how stars form. Consider
these images of the stellar nursery in the aptly named Snake nebula, where a number
of stars are forming along the filament and the stars themselves break up along
the cylinder. This is in stark contrast to gravitational theory which predicts that
a center of mass exists toward which all of the surrounding material in a nebular
cloud tends to move, and to congregate to eventually form a star.
What's more, scientists studying the Snake nebula, found that the material
needed to be drawn in to form massive stars, is far less than gravitational
models predict. In 2014, the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for
Astrophysics issued a press release which stated,
”Previous theories proposed that high- mass stars form within very massive
isolated ‘cores’ weighing at least 100 times the mass of the Sun. These new
results show that that is not the case. The data also demonstrate that massive
stars aren't born alone but in groups...” ”The team also was surprised to find that
these two nebular patches had fragmen- ted into individual star seeds so early in
the star formation process. They detec- ted bipolar outflows and other signs of
active, ongoing star formation.” The Economist Milton Friedman once said, “The
only relevant test of the validity of a hypothesis is comparison of prediction
with experience.” The prediction of the standard solar nebular hypothesis is
that gravitational collapse and accretion are the processes that lead to
the creation of stars and planets. And these formative processes occur over
countless eons of time. In con- trast, the Electric Universe and
plasma cosmology propose that the electromagnetic phenomenon called the
Z-pinch, also known as the Bennett pinch, is a dominant organizational phenomenon
in the cosmos. It was the father of plasma cosmology, Hannes Alfvén, who made
the outrageous prediction that stars would form by cosmic Z-pinches
along vast networks of filaments, with an electromagnetic scavenging effect in
molecular clouds in each current filament. Alfvén wrote of the Bennett or
Z-pinch in 1986, “That parallel currents attract each other was known already at
the times of Ampere. It's easy to understand that in a plasma, currents
should have a tendency to collect to filaments. In 1934, it was explicitly
stated by Bennett that this should lead to the formation of a pinch.” Alfvén
continues, “The problem which led him to the discovery was that the magnetic storm
producing medium (the solar wind with present terminology) was not flowing out
uniformly from the Sun. Hence, it was a problem in cosmic physics which led to
the introduction of the pinch effect....” ”However, to most astrophysicists it is an
unknown phenomenon. Indeed, important fields of research, for example, the
treatment of the state in interstellar regions, including the formation of stars
are still based on a neglect of Bennett's discovery more than half a
century ago... present-day students in astrophysics hear nothing about it.” More
than a decade ago, Alfvén’s prediction was confirmed when the ESA's Herschel Space
Observatory imaged an “incredible network of filamentary structures seen
in the constellation of the Southern Cross.” A 2009 ESA report stated, “That a
dark, cool area such as this, would be bustling with activity was unexpected.
But the images reveal a surprising amount of turmoil: the interstellar
material is condensing into continuous and interconnected filaments glowing
from the light emitted by new-born stars at various stages of development.” The
conventional explanation for these filaments was the dissipation of some
“large-scale turbulence”, involving exploding stars and sonic booms. However,
such explosions, which are not evident, would be expected to impose some radial
curvature on the filaments, which we simply do not see and the claim that the
filaments are quote ”glowing” from the light emitted by
new-born stars, cannot be tenable because the filaments
glow steadily along their length, demonstrating that the light is
intrinsic to the filaments, as one expects if the light output is provided
by electric current. Moreover in 2011, even finer images from Herschel provided
the conclusive evidence that cosmic scale electric currents flow along the
filaments. An ESA report at the time states, “The filaments are huge,
stretching for tens of light-years through space and Herschel has shown
that newly born stars are often found in the densest parts of them... Such filaments
in interstellar clouds have been glimpsed before by other infrared
satellites, but they have never been seen clearly enough to have their widths
measured. Now, Herschel has shown that, regardless of the length or density of a
filament, the width is always roughly the same.” The lead author of the paper on the
discovery stated, “This is a very big surprise..” The ESA report concludes, “This
consistency of the widths demands an explanation.” Any attempt to explain the
filaments constant width by explosions, is also untenable. Explosions would cause
the filaments to vary markedly in brightness and width, depending on the
density of the interstellar dust and the perspective from which they are viewed.
However, physicists and Thunderbolts chief science adviser Wal Thornhill
wrote of this discovery, “The constant width over vast distances is due to the
current flowing along the Birkeland filaments, each filament constituting a
part of a larger electric circuit. And in a circuit the current must be the same
in the whole filament, although the current density can vary in the filament
due to the electromagnetic pinch effect.” The absence of the expected amount of
dust material to form both stars and planets gravitationally, is not
surprising at all, if such objects are formed by the electromagnetic Z-pinch.
As Alfvén noted, the electromagnetic force is exponentially greater than gravity
and is scalable up to the cosmic magnitude. Wal Thornhill has proposed
that planets also form electro- magnetically, often along the same
current filaments on which stars form.And the weird zoo of exo-
planetary systems discovered in recent decades, including the astonishing
abundance of so called “hot Jupiters,” or gas giants, orbiting impossibly closely
to their parent stars, has only affirmed the astounding failure of gravitational
accretion theory to explain science discovery. Another important aspect of
both star and planet formation, is the evidence for both such objects forming
in pairs, the result of the electrical “doubling effect” of twin current
filaments. As Thornhill explained in an earlier Space News, Birkeland currents are
formed by two parallel current filaments which attract each other
according to Ampere’s law. As they draw closer, the magnetic attraction between
them is overcome by electrostatic repulsion caused by charge separation
within those filaments. As a result, those filaments circle about each other to
form a twisted pair, a configuration well known to electrical engineers. And it is
this pairing that tends to concentrate matter in toroids and closely orbiting
bodies. In this sense, plasma science explains a mystery that remains
unresolved in standard cosmology. As Phys.org noted in a 2018 report, “The
origin of binary stars has long been one of the central problems of astronomy.” The
report noted that protostars and young stars have been found to be more likely
to form in binary pairs as they are strung at intervals along the filament
inside a molecular cloud. The report states of this scientific discovery,
”About half of the binaries are in elongated core structures, and they
conclude that the initial cores were also elongated structures...One of their
most significant major conclusions is that each dusty core of material is
likely to be the birthplace of two stars, not the single star usually modeled.” And
we now have evidence that a similar pairing can occur in the formation of
planets. In 2018, the Keck Observatory published a report titled, “Planets around
other stars are like peas in a pod.” It states, “...the team found that exoplanets
tend to be the same sizes as their neighbors.
If one planet is small, the next planet around that same star is very likely to
be small as well, and if one planet is big,
the next is likely to be big. They also found the planets orbiting the same star
tend to have a regular orbital spacing.” We also note that in 2004, Thornhill and
Dr. C.J. Ransom conducted indepen- dent plasma experiments on the rapid
electrical formation of stone spherules. As seen in these remarkable images, Ransom
and Thornhill successfully reproduced the unique forms of virtually every type
of rocky body we see today. From the solid spheres we're familiar with
representing a typical planet, to bodies with complex geological layering, to
spherules with equatorial bands and equatorial bulges, to dramatic
hemispheric dichotomies. And of course, we see the fused pair in the spherules, which
is a common bi-lobate form we see among comets and asteroids.
So, if prediction is the only meaningful test of the validity of a hypothesis, the
question must be asked, why are space scientists today still not even
entertaining the concepts of the Electric Universe and plasma cosmology?
Consider institutionalized science’s response to the work of Hannes Alfvén
which is described by history of science scholar Stephen G. Brush as follows.“...the
continuing resistance to Alfvén’s work is based on a widely held opinion that
his predictions are not derived from a plausible physical theory, that is a
theory that conforms to the dominant paradigm. If a theory is not acceptable,
it does not gain credit by making successful predictions. This would imply
that the role of prediction as a means of evaluating scientific theories, has
been exaggerated.” But one of the primary missions of this video series has been
to document for posterity the actual predictive records of the Electric
Universe and plasma cosmology. The only position we have taken is that the
astounding successes of these predictions makes them worthy of sober
scientific investigation at the level of institutionalized science.
Well into the 21st century, this invitation for scientific progress
remains unanswered. [Music]