I'm going to take the region in between the two curves
here, between the yellow curve-- defined as a function of y
as x is equal to y minus 1 squared-- and this bluish-green
looking line-- where y is equal to x minus 1.
So I'm going to take this region right over here,
and I'm going to rotate it around the line,
y equals negative 2, to get this shape that
looks like the front of a jet engine or something like that.
And we're going to want to figure out what its volume is.
And you can actually approach this
with either the disk method or the shell method.
In the disk method, you would create
disks that look like this.
And you would be doing integrating with respect to x.
You will have to break up the problem appropriately,
because you have a different lower boundary.
You would have to break this up into two functions,
an upper function and a lower boundary
for this interval in x.
And then a different one for that interval in x.
But you could use the disk method.
But instead of that, we don't feel
like breaking up the functions and doing all of that.
So we're going to do it in the shell method,
especially because we've already expressed one of our functions
as a function of y.
And this one won't be too hard to do.
So what we're going to do, once again,
is imagine constructing these little rectangles that
have height dy.
And what we're going to do is rotate those rectangles
around the line y equals negative 2.
So let me draw that same rectangle over here.
And when you do that, you construct a shell.
So let me do that.
So, go between these two points.
And then this is what it would look like when it's down here.
And then, let me make it clear that this constructs
a shell of thickness dy or of depth dy.
So let me do it like that.
So that's my shell, and it has some thickness to it.
And that thickness is dy.
So that's the thickness of my shell.
And let me shade it in a little bit.
Make sure you can see the 3-dimensionality of my shell.
So like we've done with all of these problems,
our goal is to really just figure out
what the volume of each shell is.
And then we can enter it for a specific y in our interval.
And then we integrate along all the y's of our interval.
And we've done this many times before.
The first thing we think about is
what's the radius one of these shells?
So what I'm doing right here in magenta,
what is the radius of something like that?
Well, it's essentially going to be
the distance between y is equal to negative 2
and our y value for that specific y.
So this distance right over here is y.
And then we're going to have another 2.
So the whole distance is going to be y plus 2.
Another way of thinking about it is this
is essentially y minus negative 2
to get the distance, which is going to be y plus 2.
So the radius of one of our little shells
is going to be y plus 2.
If the radius is y plus 2, then we
know that the circumference of this circle right over here
is going to be 2 pi times y plus 2.
And then the surface area, the outside surface area,
of the shell, the stuff out here,
is just going to be that circumference times I guess
you could say the width of this shell times
this distance right over here.
Or we could say times this distance right over here.
And what is that distance?
Remember, we want everything expressed as a function of y.
Well, it's going to be the upper function as a function of y
minus the lower function.
And we think about the upper function,
it's the function that's giving us
higher x values in that interval.
And so this blue function is the upper function
when we think in terms of y.
But we have to express it as a function of y.
So let me do that.
So we can rewrite this as add 1 to both sides,
you get x is equal to y plus 1.
So that is our upper function.
And then this is our lower function.
If you were to tilt your head to the right
and look at it that way, you'll see
that this will be the upper function,
and this will be the lower function
for the same value of y.
This gives a higher value of x than this one does
for the same value of y.
It gives the upper x values.
So, the area is going to be the circumference
times this dimension.
Let me write this.
The area of one of those shells is going to be 2 pi times y
plus 2 times the distance between the upper function.
So the distance between the upper function y plus 1,
x is equal to y plus 1, and the lower function, x
is equal to y minus 1 squared.
I'll put the parentheses in that same color.
And then if we want the volume of that shell,
so we've got the outside surface area of the shell right now.
We just multiply it by its depth, which is just dy.
So that sets up our integral.
The volume of one shell-- I'll do it all in one color
now-- is 2 pi times y plus 2 times y plus 1 minus y minus 1
squared.
Then we multiply that times the depth of each shell, dy.
And then we integrate over the interval.
So the volume is going to be this.
And what's the interval?
You might be able to eyeball it.
But we can actually solve that explicitly.
When do these two things equal each other?
Well, you could just set y plus 1
to be equal to y minus 1 squared, so let's do that.
So if we set y plus 1, this, to be equal to that,
it's going to be equal to y minus 1 squared.
So let me expand that out.
That's going to be y squared minus 2y plus 1.
And let's see.
I could subtract y from both sides
and I could subtract 1 from both sides.
Minus y, minus 1.
And then I am left with, on the left hand side, 0.
And on the right hand side, I have y squared minus 3 y.
And that's it, plus 0.
So 0 is equal to y times y minus 3.
So the zeros of this, when these are
equal are when y is equal to 0 or y is equal to 3.
And we see that right over here.
When y is equal to 0, these two functions intersect.
And when y is equal to 3, these two functions intersect.
So our interval is going to be from y is equal to 0
to y is equal to 3.
So using the shell method, we have
been able to set up our definite integral.
And now we can think about how we can evaluate this thing.