>>>
>>> IT
>>> IT IS
>>> IT IS SCIENCE. THAT IS FUN.
I LIKE THAT.>> IT IS
INEVITABLE, WHEN WE GET SNOW
STORMS COME IN, PEOPLE COMPLAIN
THAT WE ARE NOT GETTING THE
STREETS CLEARED FAST ENOUGH.
ALL THE WAY BACK TO 1913, THE
WORST SNOWSTORM, THEY
COMPLAINED THEN.
COMPLAINED THEN. >> SO HARD TO GET THE PLOW ON
THE HORSES.
THE HORSES. MODERN DAY, TAKE A LOOK AT THIS
VIDEO, THIS IS WHAT YOU THINK
OF, THEY ARE SCOOPING THIS
STUFF, SOMETIMES WE DON'T KNOW
WHAT THAT IS, WE WILL TELL YOU
WHAT IT IS, MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE,
THE SCOOP IT IN THERE, PUT ON
THE STREETS, THEY USED TO USE
SALT, SOME PLACES, CALCIUM
CHLORIDE, WE HAVE A DEBATE,
SHOULD WE JUST USE ROCKS, WHAT
HAPPENS WHEN IT TURNS TO SAND.
THE SCIENCE, WHAT THAT LOOKS
LIKE.
LIKE.
LIKE. YOU
LIKE. YOU HAVE TO UNDERSTAND THE
SCIENCE OF MELTING, A CONTAINER
OF WATER AND ICE, PULL THE
THERMOMETER OUT, TAKE A LOOK,
WHAT IS IT?
>> IT IS ZERO CELSIUS.
>> THIS FANCY THING, HOME
DEPOT, WHAT DOES THAT READ IT
-- READ AT, A LASER, 30
DEGREES, ABOUT WHAT IT IS.
THAT'S WHAT WE WOULD THINK. IF
YOU PULL THAT OUT SO WE DON'T
BREAK IT, TAKE REGULAR SALT,
SODIUM CHLORIDE.
SODIUM CHLORIDE. I AM JUST GOING TO PUT A LITTLE
ROCK SALT IN THERE, NO BIG DEAL.
TAKE YOUR HAND, PUT IN THERE,
MOVED AROUND, KEEP GOING.
>> WOW.
>> WOW.
>> WOW. >> KEEP IT GOING, WHAT DOES
THAT DO?
THAT DO?
THAT DO? >> IT IS COOL, REALLY COLD.
>> DOWN TO ABOUT 17 DEGREES.
>> HERE YOU GO, HERE'S THIS,
THAT'S CRAZY, HERE'S WHAT IT
DOES, WATER IS THIS CRAZY
MATERIAL, IT LOWERS THE MELTING
POINT OF ICE, IT MEANS THAT
WATER HAS TO GET COLDER IN
ORDER TO FREEZE, SO IF YOU PUT
ROCK SALT HERE, INTO HERE, IT
MELTS, IN ORDER FOR SOMETHING
TO MELT, IT HAS TO ROB ENERGY
FROM SOMETHING ELSE, TAKE ICE
CUBES, PUT IT IN ICED TEA, THE
REASON THE ICED TEA GETS COLD,
IS BECAUSE THE ICE MELTS, AND
IN ORDER FOR ICE TO MELT, IT
HAS TO STEAL THE HEAT FROM
SOMETHING ELSE, IT STEALS IT
FROM THE ICED TEA.
HERE'S WHAT IS WEIRD ABOUT THIS
WHOLE THING.
WHOLE THING. >>> THIS IS JUST AN ICE CUBE, A
ROUND ONE, SO IF YOU TAKE A
PIECE OF STRING FOR EXAMPLE,
AND HAVE THIS IN WATER, BUT
THIS OVER-THE-TOP, NOTHING
FANCY HAPPENS, NOW I HAVE SOME
ROCK SALT, TAKE A LOOK AT THE
SALT THAT IS HERE, SOME OF THE
SALT THAT WE WOULD HAVE, USING
FOR ICE CREAM, A LITTLE BIT OF
THAT CAN GO ON THE TOP, AND A
LITTLE BIT OF WATER GOES ON
HERE LIKE THIS, ALL THE SUDDEN
ELSE, AND I LET THIS SIT FOR
JUST A COUPLE OF MINUTES, AND
LOOK AT THIS, IT PICKS IT UP
WITH NO PROBLEM.>> WOW>> IT
FREEZES.
FREEZES.
FREEZES. THE SALT, THE TOP LAYER CAN
REFREEZE.
REFREEZE.
REFREEZE. A LITTLE BIT COLDER, ROBBING
THE ENERGY FROM SOMETHING.
THEY SAY MAYBE THERE IS
SOMETHING BETTER THAN SALT,
WHAT ELSE COULD YOU USE?
YOU COULD USE CALCIUM CHLORIDE,
I WANT YOU TO SEE WHAT THIS
LOOKS LIKE, HOLD ONTO THE BAG,
YOU PAID UP YOUR INSURANCE,
STOP IT.
STOP IT.
STOP IT. CALCIUM CHLORIDE, IF YOU SHOW
THAT, IT LOOKS MORE LIKE BEADS,
IF I ADD SOME WATER TO THIS
CALCIUM CHLORIDE, WHAT I WANTED
TO DO, SEALED UP, I WANT YOU TO
SQUEEZE THE BOTTOM AND FEEL IT,
SEE WHAT YOU FEEL.
>> WOW IT IS REALLY WARM.
>> ALMOST LIKE A HAND WARMER.
THE INGREDIENT IN PICKLE JUICE,
EXTREMELY CORROSIVE, THE
PICTURES WE HAVE, TAKE A LOOK
AT THE CONCRETE, THEY ARE USING
MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE, AND THIS IS
SCALING THAT YOU SEE ON
CONCRETE SOMETIMES, ALLOWING
FOR THE EXPANSION AND
CONTRACTION OF CONCRETE, YOU
PUT THAT DOWN, THAT CAN DO SOME
DAMAGE TO THE ROAD, A NEVER-
ENDING BATTLE, THEY ARE YELLING
AT THE SCREEN, PUT ROCKS DOWN!
ROCKS ARE A PROBLEM, TOO.
IT BECOMES VERY FINE SAND,
PARTICULATES GO UP INTO THE
AIR, POLLUTION, NO MATTER WHAT
WE DO UP-AND-DOWN I-70, YOU SEE
PROBLEMS WITH THE TREES AND
WILDLIFE, YOU CAN UNDERSTAND
THE ICE, SOMETHING BETTER THAN
JUST SALT, ALL I CAN SAY IS GO
TO THE LOCAL CARWASH, GET IT
WASHED AFTER BIG STORMS, THIS
IS EXTREMELY CORROSIVE, YOU
NEED TO GET THIS OFF YOUR CAR
AS FAST AS POSSIBLE.
>> THANK YOU FOR BREAKING IT
DOWN.
DOWN.
DOWN. >>
DOWN. >> AND GIVE THE PEOPLE AT CDOT
A BREAK,