>> Hello everybody, this is part two "In-Text Citations", this is from OWL.
You probably watched part one, which is the essay format of MLA, the overview,
and then part three is going to talk about works cited.
So in the the in-text citations, an in-text citation is a brief reference,
where did you get the information from?
It lets the readers know.
So it directs the readers to the "Works Cited" list, whichi I'll show you a little bit later;
it will make more sense if you actually see a picture of it but, if it were Angelou, page 394,
then your "Works Cited" should say, "Angelou, Maya", this way they can go from the works --
they can go from the in-text citation,
go directly to the "Works Cited" page to see more information.
Oh, Angelou 264, well who's Angelou?
If they go from the in-text citation to the "Works Cited" page, they'll say, "Oh,
it's Maya Angelou and this actually came from "I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings"."
Good. Here it should be unobtrusive, it should flow really well.
That's where I.C.E. comes -- the acronym I.C.E comes in.
I.C.E, I for introduce, C for cite, E for to explain.
You need to explain the in-text citations in your own words.
And basically the in-text citation will usually have the author's last name and the page number.
However, if there are no page numbers I require author's last name and paragraph number,
"PAR.". We'll go over more when you have a picture of it in front of you
because I think it will make more sense.
Here, let's look at an in-text citation.
I'll look at this in a minute, but let's take a look here, "Humans have been described
by Kenneth Burke as symbol using animals."
Kenneth Burke is the author, if we look up here it says "Burke, Kenneth".
This entry would be in the "Works Cited" page, this would not be an in-text citation.
So down here we know it's Kennth Burke, he said "symbol using animals" and it comes
from page three of his book "Language is Symbolic Action".
So we -- in the first example here, Kenneth Burke, his name is there so we don't need
to put the last name in the in-text citation in the parenthetical citation.
They call this a parenthetical citation because it has parentheses.
And notice that the period is at the end, it's not at the end of the quote.
Let's take a look at the second example, "Humans...blah blah blah";
this time we did not give his name so instead we're going to put Burke in here so we know
that he's the author, Burke, in the in-text citation, page three.
If you're reading the essay and you see Burke,
you can go to the last page and notice that Burke.
oh it's Kenneth Burke, and it came from this book.
So let me repeat, Burke is given in the introduction, then the citation, and then --
or then the quote, and then the citation.
So you don't need to say "Burke" and then "Burke" again, it's redundant.
Notice the period is after the citation, you're letting your reader know that the citation is
over and you're going to start a new sentence.
Here, in the beginning of the sentence,
we did not mention the author's name, therefor his name is here.
Burke, page three.
Notice that this, there's no P., no page, it's just the number three.
In the last slide, we knew there was an author, his name was Kenneth Burke.
But at times you will come across websites or other articles
that have no author; if that's the case use.
instead of the author Burke here, put in quotes the title of the article where it's coming from.
Now if the article is really long, like say it's "Impact of Global Warming On..."
blah blah blah blah blah blah blah, stop, only use the first few words of the title.
So again, if there's no author, use the beginning of the article title and then again,
we know this is page six, and then the period comes at the end.
If you are following along with the PowerPoint, I am skipping some slides
because I really only want to concentrate on the basics, the things that you will use most often.
So the next tier is, what if you have multiple authors?
So let's say it was Burke and Howell, you would list both names,
"Burke and Howell argue that tougher gun control..."
If you have three or more authors then you would use the first person's name, Smith,
and then et al., that let's the reader know that "Oh, there must be three or more authors."
And then again, they could look in the "Works Cited" page and they could see Smith,
and then all of the other names would be listed in the
"Works Cited" page, not within the in-text citation.
Here, we started, "Smith et al.
argues.." That's why we didn't put Smith here in the in-text of the parenthetical citation.
Notice in number two the author states, "This time we're not saying Smith so we'll put it here
within the parenthetical citation, the in-text citation.
And then here, this one here has two authors, Strong and Ellis, Burke and Howell.
So if it's two authors use "and" and list both and then the page number.
Again, if it's three or more you're going to use et al.
Very good, let's continue!
Sometimes students want to cite the Bible so this is how you would cite the Bible;
the version of the Bible you're using, put in italics, New Jerusalem Bible,
most people use the King James Version of the Bible.
You'd put that there; abbreviate the title of the chapter where it came from,
so this would be Ezekiel 1, Chapter 1, Verses 5-10, so that's how you would do the bible.
And again, if you want more information on this go to the OWL Purdue website.
Alright, let's continue.
If you come across an article or a website where there are no page numbers,
regular MLA requires that you don't put anything.
For instance, Carl Thompson, this is the person's last name.
It's Rosemany's last name, so Carlind Thompson; however for me, if there's no page number,
you have to include Carla Thompson, space, par.
for paragraph, and then the paragraph number.
So it would be, excuse me one second here,
so again if there's no page number per MLA you normally write nothing,
however for my class I'm going to require that you use "par".
So let's say Carlind Thompson, you found this in paragraph three, or let's say that you quoted
or you're summarizing or you're paraphrasing over a couple different paragraphs,
then you would write "Carla Thompson, Pars., plural of paragraphs,
and then three through four, three through seven, parentheses, period."
So again, if there's no page number you have to include a paragraph number for me,
if you don't I will deduct points.
The last point here is use block quotations for four or more lines of poetry,
or use block quotations for more, or for four or more lines of anything,
however I hope you don't use block quotations because they're long.
They are usable but I wish you'd use your own words
and maybe cut down ther length of the quote.
If you're going to use a block quotation refer to OWL Purdue:
Block Quotations, and it will show you.
It's basically where you indent the quote and then you only single space.
It's a little different because it's so long.
Rather than putting it in four, double space, regular text, paragraph text,
they want you to block it, block it off in a certain area.
Again, I really don't want you to use that however if you do refer to the OWL Purdue.
Thank you, that ends this slide, the next slide will be coming up
and that will be about the "Works Cited" page.