In Sura Al-Baqarah, there are two examples about the hypocrites.
What are these examples, and what is the explanation of them.
The first example, about the hypocrites, was given after the verse:
"Those are the ones who have purchased error [in exchange] for guidance.. " 2:16
".. so their transaction has brought no profit, nor were they guided."
"Their example[Mathala-h-um] is that of one who kindled a fire.. " 2:17
This is the first example.
".. but when it illuminated what was around him.. "
".. Allah took away their light and left them in darkness [so] they could not see."
"They are ˹wilfully˺ deaf, dumb, and blind, so they will never return ˹to the Right Path˺." 2:18
This is the first example.
Notice that the example of people, in Plural, is given in a Singular form.
The word: [Mathala-h-um]..
is in Plural.
Yes.
[is that of one]!
Singular!
Linguistically, this is allowed.
It is allowed to give a word in Singular form as an example of a Plural.
e.g. "And do not be[Takun-u] like she who untwisted her spun thread after it was strong.. " 16:92
The word: [Takun-u] is in Plural form.
In Plural..
like she who[Kal-Lai] in Singular form.
Yes.
e.g. "The example of those who[Al-Lathe-en] were entrusted with ˹observing˺ the Torah but failed to do so.. " 62:5
".. is that of a donkey.. " (Singular)
".. carrying books.. "
So, Linguistically, this Simile is possible.
This Simile is acceptable;
All of you are like..
this person in such-and-such.
You all are..
as such-and-such.
This is applicable.
[Istawqada], [kindled a fire] means [Awqada].. same meaning.
Also [Istawqada] means asked for making a fire or for giving a fire or aimed for getting a fire.
they wanted to have a fire then they made it.
Now, I'm trying to explain the words, first.
So, someone kindled a fire.
Yes, he is the example.
Of course we know the fire: for illumination and other uses..
Good.
Okay, just let us finish the words.
then we will give the meaning of the verse.
Illumination is an excessive state of light.
Is this clear?
So, the Illumination is more than lighting.
No comparison, because the light is the origin, the beginning of illumination.
so, if compared to morning light.
the illumination is stronger.
But, we say: "Allah is the Light of the heavens and the earth.. " 24:35
Yes, The light is the basic.
the illumination takes origin from the light.
and it is an excessive state of light..
The light is the general source.
It is a state that begins very faint. and extends to unperceivable states.
This is the light!
Yes.
What is the illumination?
it is from the light.
Illumination is a state of light.
This is the illumination.
It is an excessive lighting
It is a state of light.
If it became less..
Illumination is excessive light, and a state of light.
This means that the light is..
having unlimited excessive states.. of illuminations.
Yes, to states that we know nothing about them!
Glory to Allah.
Exactly.
The light begins faint..
very hard to see with it..
like the light at dawn..
This is light[Nora], it is not illumination[Diaa].
This is (light)!
Okay.
Then, it increases gradually.. and it is still called; Light!
Allah said: ".. the sun [Diaan].. " 10:5
Yes, it is illuminating..
a shining light..
The illumination of the sun is made from light..
with an excessive light.
It is not just any light!
So the light begins faint at dawn..
and it increases gradually till midday!
All of these are states of light, but..
The illumination, is the excessive state of light.
So, illumination is a stage.. of light!
It is a state of light.
And, there are other states of light, which we know nothing about them!!
Allah said: "Allah is the Light of the heavens and the earth.. " 24:35
maybe He is talking about these unknown states!
There are states which we do not know them, totally.
Allahu Akbar!!
Exactly!
For example, In Quran..
It was said about the pleasures of the people of Jannah..
"Those ˹believers˺ will recline on beds whose inside material are of [Istabraq].. " 55:54
This is in Sura Ar-Rahman..
Yes.
The inside material of the beds are made..
of [Istabraq]..
"And the fruit of both Gardens will hang within reach."
The interpreters said: These will be the inside material of the beds..
and the outside material will be..
from the cohesive light.
Amazing, Subhan Allah!!
So, there are states that we can't realize.
The things that we know are..
the beginning of light..
and the illumination, which is due to excessive light..
Then there are possible states, which we do not know them.
For this, Allah gave us an example to make us understand these things.
[His Light is like a niche in which there is a lamp]..
He made it easy for our minds to understand it.
Yes, He did.
Our minds cannot imagine these states.
We know few of these states.. of light..
But, the light is infinite.. absolute..
For this reason Allah said: [the Light of the heavens and the earth].
So, we know the light in general..
and the illumination, which is a state of the states of light..
a state of light.
But, there are aspects of light which we do know them, in addition to the states which we know them..
For example, the light of vision.
Have you heard about the light of vision?
and, the light of sight.. etc.
True.
So, the light begins illumination..
Yes.
from which the illumination begins.
So, we must have a light to be able to have an illumination.
Allah, Almighty, said: [Allah takes away their light]..
[when it illuminated what was around him
[Allah takes away their light]..
He didn't say that He took the illumination.
[when it illuminated what was around him]..
[Their example is that of one who kindled a fire]
[when it illuminated what was around him]..
Let me write this down, so as to stay on track!!
[when it illuminated what was around him]..
[Allah took away their light]..
He didn't say that He took their illumination.
[Allah takes away their light].. who are they?
they are who kindled a fire.
The fire is the light here.
but, the example, was in a Singular form
Yes, he kindled a fire..
Okay.
then the verse was back to the hypocrites who did like this person.
So, the verse continued with the hypocrites.
okay.
[Allah took away their light]..
Yes.
He didn't say that He took their illumination.
however, there was illumination around them.
True.
Why?
Because, if it was: He took their illumination..
it is possible that a trace of light might remain.
because the illumination is an excessive light.
How beautiful expression!!
Nice!
a residual light might remain.
So, the intended meaning is to eradicate all their light.
and, when Allah took away their light.
they will be in darkness, without illumination and without light.
Good.
Allah said:
[it illuminated what was around him]..
He didn't say that; it has illuminated the surrounding.
Only the area around the person was illuminated..
because he is the one who wanted to have the illumination.
And, Allah said: [complete darkness]..
[leaving them in darknesses]..
Yes.
the word: darknesses, was in plural, because it is caused by many factors.
and in Quran, this word is always in plural.
Then, Allah said: [Deaf, dumb..]..
and the dumb is usually who is born unable to speak.
Yes.
Allah said:[Summ, [Bukm], ['Aumi]]..
without the word (And) between the words.
Why? What does the word(And) do?
(Deaf and dumb and blind) might mean there is..
a group who are deaf..
and a group who are dumb..
and a group who are blind.
this meaning is possible.
e.g. These are scholars and writers.
i.e. within them, you might find scholars and you might find writers.
It is possible!
Yes.
But if you say: These are scholars writers.
i.e. They are scholars and writers at the same time.
scholars and writers?
No, you can't say it this way..
You must say it without the word and: They are scholars, writers, poets.
i.e. All of them are specialists in all of these fields.
Of course.
They are scholars writers poets.
e.d. This man is [Faqeeh] [Katib] [Sha'air].
he is all of them at the same time.
What if it was: [Faqeeh] and [Katib] and [Sha'air].
No problem in case of one man..
But, in case of: They..?
With the word; And, between the words..
This have two possibilities.. meanings..
Each of them might have all the specialities, or they might be in separate groups, each group have one speciality.
So, some of them might be scholars, others are writers, and others are poets.
each group will have only one speciality.
So, if we want to indicate that each of them have the three specialities..
we should say the specialities without the word; And, between them.
This expression will have one explanation.
without any other options, as in the other expression..
with the word; And, between the specialities.
So, the verse have the conclusive one meaning:
Allah said:[Summ, [Bukm], ['Aumi]]..
They have all of these properties. at the same time.
So, each one of them is; deaf, dumb, and blind.
without any exceptions.. all of them!!
Strange.
Yes.
Very astonishing language!
[so they will never return ˹to the Right Path˺].
Okay.
They will be left, confused!
They are unable to return to the place, where they began..
because, the blind, can't see..
and the dumb, can't ask..
and the deaf, can't hear!
they have all of these, how can they return?
How bad!
they cannot speak, so as to ask..
They have lost all means of communication!
Exactly.
The blind can't see..
and the dumb can't ask.. he can't speak.
and the deaf can't hear!
How will he return?
It is impossible.
The interpreters said: They won't be able to return to guidance..
after they've sold it..
Allah, said: [Those are the ones who have purchased error [in exchange] for guidance].
This example is tough.
And, they won't be able to return the misguidance after buying it!
This is the first example.
Yes.