Voiceover: Teams A, B, and C
are playing a game of strength.
Each team has attached a rope to a metal ring
and is trying to pull the ring into their own area.
Team areas shown below.
Let's see what that's ...
We see that over here team A
is pulling on the ring in that direction.
Team B is pulling on the ring in that direction.
Team C is pulling on the ring in that direction.
They're each trying to get the ring
into their respective areas,
it's a three-way tug of war.
They tell us team A pulls with a force vector a
of four times a unit vector i plus zero j.
This is four times, there's no vertical component here
so it's going straight in the positive,
I guess you can say x direction
and we can see it right over there.
A is going straight in the positive x direction
so just a multiple of the unit vector i.
Team B pulls with force vector negative two i
plus four j, so it's to the left and up.
We see that negative two i plus four j
then we have team C pulls with a force vector
negative three i minus three j.
Let's see, negative three i minus three j.
Yup that seems consistent with the diagram.
Forces are given in kilo newtons, all right.
Which team will win the game?
Think about which team will win the game
if you think about which one is pulling
with the most magnitude in their directions.
Let me get my little scratch pad out
and let's think about the magnitudes
of each of these vectors.
Let's first think about the magnitude of vector a,
what is that going to be?
Well, it's four times the unit vector i,
so it's just going to have a magnitude of four.
The unit vector i has a magnitude of one
so it's magnitude is just four times that,
it's magnitude is equal to four.
Let's put the units there, it's four kilo newtons.
What about the magnitude of vector b?
We can use a Pythagorean theorem.
It's negative two i plus four j
so the magnitude squared is going to be
negative two squared plus four squared
which is really just coming out of the Pythagorean theorem.
The magnitude of vector b is going to be
equal to the square root of negative two squared plus four
or one way to think about this is the Pythagorean theorem
or the distance formula between the origin
and that point right over there.
Plus four squared, that's four plus 16
is the square root of 20.
Let's see, this is definitely greater than four.
Four squared is just 16,
this is some place between four and five.
Let's see, team C, the magnitude of vector c same logic
is going to be the square root of negative three squared
plus negative three squared which is equal to ...
Let's see this is square root of 18, right nine plus nine.
Square root of 18.
Square root of 20 is clearly larger than
square root of 18.
We already said that square root of 20 is larger than four.
Team B is going to win.
Which team will win the game?
Team B, and we can even, let's just fill it out on our ...
Team B is going to win the game.
Now the next thing they ask us is
what is the magnitude of the teams combined forces
acting on the ring?
To figure that out we can just add up all of these vectors.
The combined force, so let's write this.
The force, let's say force combined, this is a vector
it's going to be the sum of vectors a plus vector b plus c
which is going to be equal to four i plus zero j,
minus two i plus four j, minus three i minus three j.
Now we can just add up the i's and add up the j's.
We have four i minus two i minus three i,
so four of something minus two
you're going to have two left.
Then you subtract another three
you're going to have negative one of that,
so that's going to be equal to negative,
I could write negative one i or just negative i
and then we have zero j plus four j minus three j
so that's was zero plus four minus three
is just going to be one j.
Or you can say just plus j.
That's the resulting vector here is negative i plus j.
It might look something like this.
Negative i plus a j, gets us a vector that looks like that.
Let me actually draw it a little bit bigger here.
If I were to draw our coordinate axis
that's my y-axis, this is my x-axis.
It's negative one times i, so let's say it looks like that
that's negative i.
That's negative i right over there.
Negative i, let me write that
that is negative i plus j.
Plus the j unit vector which might look something like this
both of them have a magnitude of one,
so that is the j unit vector.
The sum of those two is our combined force.
Our combined force is going to be going into this direction.
Hence this is its magnitude.
The length of it is this magnitude, combined force
and that goes in line with
we're going to be going in that direction
which takes us to the zone of B.
They ask us what is the magnitude
of the teams' combined force?
Well the magnitude of this side is one,
it's a unit vector where it's going to the left direction.
The magnitude of this side is one
so the magnitude of this side
we just use a Pythagorean theorem,
it's a square root of one squared plus one squared
which is just the square root of two.
The magnitude here,
what is the magnitude of the teams combined forces
is square root of two.
In what direction is the ring getting pulled?
Actually let me just fill out
what they've already asked us so we can ...
What is the magnitude of the teams' combined force
acting on the ring?
Round to the nearest tenth.
Let's just write square root of two.
Square root of two is equal to
and round to the nearest tenth 1.4 kilo newtons.
In what direction is the ring getting pulled
and they want this is in radians.
Round it to the nearest tenth,
your answer should be between zero and two pi radians.
That, go back to our diagram,
we need to figure out what this angle is right over here.
We need to figure out what that angle is in radians
and we know that this whole thing
if we went from the positive x-axis
all the way to the negative x-axis that is pi radians.
We also know what this angle right over here is.
How do we know that?
Well, I've just constructed a ...
Notice this is a right angle
and this is an isosceles triangle,
isosceles right triangle.
It's going to be a 45, 45, 90 triangle
but if you're thinking in terms of radians
45 degrees is pi over four.
This is pi over four, pi over four,
pi over two triangle.
Same thing as 45, 45, 90.
If this whole purple angle is pi
and this is pi over four,
you just subtract the pi over four from the pi
to get what theta is.
Theta is going to be equal to ...
Pi is the same thing as four pi over four
minus pi over four.
I just did that to get a common denominator
which is equal to three pi over four.
Three pi over four radians.
Let's go back over here.
Now they want us to round it to the nearest tenth,
so let's take three times pi divided by ...
Just to make sure you can see what I'm doing here
so three times pi divided by four
is equal to 2.356, round it to the nearest tenth
would be 2.4 radians.
Approximately 2.4 radians and we got it right.