¡Hola! In this video we'll be learning more about conjugating AR verbs into the preterite.
Remember, preterite is a past tense, so it's like adding an ED onto an action in English.
To review the rules from the first video, let's conjugate esperar, to wait for, or to hope.
Now in the present tense, again this is like I hope, you hope, I wait for, you wait for.
It goes, yo espero,
tú esperas,
él espera,
ella espera,
usted espera,
nosotros esperamos,
ellos esperan,
ellas esperan,
ustedes esperan.
Now, in the past tense, it's been changed to
Yo espere,
tú esperaste,
él esperó,
ella esperó,
usted esperó,
nosotros esperamos,
ellos esperaron,
ellas esperaron,
ustedes esperaron.
Notice that the nosotros form is the same in both.
I wanted to explain something neat about the preterite for AR verbs.
We don't have stem changes or shoot verbs, if you remember those, in the past tense with ar's.
So how awesome is that?
Okay some of the ar verbs that do this if you don't remember would be jugar,
which is u to ue, comenzar, e to ie, empezar, e to ie, and almorzar, o to ue.
So we don't have that same problem in the past tense.
This is something that happens though in Spanish if a verb ends in GAR, CAR, and ZAR.
It's only a problem you have to worry about with spelling due to pronunciation.
So the pronunciation is going to follow the same pattern.
The voice will follow the pattern, but the writing is a little bit weird. Okay?
So let's try out jugar to play.
Remember this is a stem changer in the present tense.
So I play, you play, he plays, she plays, we play, they play.
yo juego
tú juegas, él juega, ella juega
nosotros jugamos
ellos juegan, ellas juegan, ustedes juegan
Okay?
Now for the past tense, there's no stem change, no shoe.
But notice it's a little bit weird to pronounce it. But the pronunciation is fine.
Yo jugué,
tú jugaste, él jugó,
ella jugó, usted jugó,
nosotros jugamos,
ellos jugaron, ellas jugaron, ustedes jugaron.
Now, I'm going to put a box around the weird 1.
It's pretty obvious, hopefully.
Why do we have to put a UE instead of only an E?
The reason is because the way the letter G works in Spanish.
It has a hard sound when it's before an A, an O, or an U.
Some examples.
Lagarto, gol, Gutiérrez.
So when it comes before an E, or an I, it turns into the 'je' or 'jota' sound.
Gemelo, gitano.
So the verb jugar, jugar, has a hard G sound.
We want to keep that sound in every single form.
So the U just gives that G the hard G sound for the A.
And the rest we have A's and O's afterwards, so there's really no problem with those.
All GAR verbs will do this, the same thing in the yo form.
Some other common ones are pagar and llegar.
Now there's another type, CAR verbs.
Those are something very similar in the past tense.
Sacar is a pretty common one .
It means to take, sacar fotos, to take pictures, sacar la basura, to take out the trash.
The present tense, yo saco, tu sacas, el saca, ella saca,
usted saca, nosotros sacamos, ellos sacan, ellas sacan, ustedes sacan.
In the past, or preterite, yo saqué, tu sacaste, el saco, ella sacó, usted sacó,
nosotros sacamos, ellos sacaron, ellas sacaron, ustedes sacaron.
Notice again, the only weird one is the yo form.
Not only do we add the u-e, but we also are changing the letter completely to Q.
This is for pronunciation reasons again.
C like G before an E and I is softer like an S and before A, O, or U is like K.
If I were to put UE after C, it would be Sway.
So we have to spell it with a Q to give it the qué sound saqué.
Now all other CAR verbs will do this in the yo form in the preterite.
Some common ones are buscar and tocar.
We also have a third type, zar.
Verbs ending in zar also have a problem in the yo form.
Let's try almorzar to eat lunch.
This is also a stem changer, if you notice, in the present tense.
So yo almuerzo,
tu almuerzas,
él almuerza, ella almuerza, usted almuerza,
nosotros almorzamos,
ellos almuerzan, ellas almuerzan, ustedes almuerzan.
But remember, no more shoe in the praterite for AR verbs.
Yo almorcé,
tú almorzaste,
él almorzó,
ella almorzó,
usted almorzó,
nosotros almorzamos,
ellos almorzaron,
ellas almorzaron,
ustedes almorzaron.
If you notice, the Z changed to a C in the yo form.
And Z before E might not be as soft, so it's changed to sound a little bit less
like a Z and more like a S okay so it's really a minor change but all the other
ZAR verbs do this in the yo form as well some common ones are comenzar, empezar, and cazar.
Let's do a couple for practice I'm gonna give you the yo form
and you're going to have to change it from the present tense to the preterite.
Yo empiezo,
Yo empecé.
Yo juego.
Yo jugué.
Yo toco.
Yo toqué.
Yo pago.
Yo pagué.
Yo cazo.
Yo cacé.
Yo almuerzo.
Yo almorcé.
Yo comienzo.
Yo comencé.
Yo saco.
Yo saqué.
Yo busco.
Yo busqué.
Yo llego.
Yo llegué.
Okay? Hopefully this was helpful for all of you.
Thanks for watching.
If you have any questions, comments, or suggestions, those are always welcome.
Gracias y adiós.