crazy isn't crazy mad doesn't mean mad
and mental people aren't mental for some
reason it's much more comfortable to
label a person as psychotic or crazy or
mad or any of the other terms may use
them to accept that someone displaying
deviant behaviors may actually be normal
or to be more formal about it
typical so why is it that a mass
murderer might be no more evil than you
or me or someone detained under the
Mental Health Act might be just the same
as us still at large
a large part of human behavior and
attitude stems from the social
environment we find ourselves
interacting with soldiers aren't
considered to be even people and yet
some soldiers have ended tens if not
hundreds more lives than a high school
murderer Nazi soldiers however are
considered to have been evil by many in
the modern Western world it's a matter
of context let's stay with the example
of Nazi Germany for a moment
following the conclusion of the Second
World War much of Europe was nursing the
wounds of the second bloody war at the
hands of Germany within three decades he
led some to believe the Germans must in
some way be different from other
nationalities and more than that they
must be evil and so the Germans are evil
hypothesis came about something of a
Victor's bride we told ourselves mr.
repeated commitments to never forget
that we can never have brought the evil
to the world that the Germans american
psychologist Stanley Milgram conducted
one of the most famous and ethically
questionable social psychology
experiments of all time to really get to
grips with the idea
that the Germans are evil he wanted to
find out whether anyone have the
capacity to murder in the right
conditions and shocking me you'll get
the pond later he found we do in 1961
Milgram conducted what Richard graphs
calls the most famous and controversial
of all obedience experiments pilgrim
advertised participants using a
newspaper advert stating that he would
be studying the effects of punishment on
learning from the applications Milgram
selected 40 men of various different
careers the participants were all paid
for dollars 50 for taking part in the
study and receive the money upfront the
participants are taking to a laboratory
which hosted an impressive-looking shock
generator with individual switches for
shock intensity starting at like shop
and increasing to a button marked X X X
prior to the experiment a survey of
psychologists predicted that fewer than
one in twenty would administer shocks as
high as 300 volts labeled intense shock
on the machine and just one in 1,000
would use the 415 volt x/x x button that
this was quite simply not the case a
scientist met the participants wearing a
great lab coat and introduced himself as
Jack Williams he was required to remain
serious and emotionless throughout the
study participants were met by the
scientists at a time
well one participant and one stooge who
would always take the role of the
learner to learner was strapped into an
electric chair with an electrode
connected to his wrist and the
participant was told that the electrode
was controlled by his shock generator
the participants then set about a
learning task whereby the learn how to
remember word pairs with each word pair
correctly remembered the participant
teacher would provide another word but
for any word pad incorrectly remembered
the participant was instructed to inform
the learning of the correct answer
increase the shot by 15 volts and
administer the electric shock the
learner every participant immigrant
study shock the learner to 300 volts and
intense shock which would result in the
learners shouting in a pair of pain as
the voltage increased the screams of
agony increased from the learner in the
room next door until the learner made no
noise at all participants were told that
a non-response was equivalent to a wrong
response and therefore should be
punished using a further electric shock
if participants expressed concern the
scientists will provide products from a
simple continue to a direct instruction
that the participant must proceed
sixty-five percent of the participants
continue talking the learner right to
the end of the 450 volts scale marked X
X X even when met with eerie silence
from the learner who had up until that
point in screaming in pain they still
use the XXX button to shock him one more
time all of the participants used the
intense shock button 26 of the 40
participants killed their learn
in nineteen sixties Connecticut stanley
milgram shocked his colleagues by
demonstrating how easy it is to make
someone commit murder
why do you think so many people kill in
the name of someone else write your
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exploring the idea that crazy people
aren't crazy